Resumen :
Introducción. La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica y desmielinizante
del sistema nervioso central (SNC). El deterioro cognitivo (DC) es una manifestación
frecuente de la EM, afectándose especialmente la velocidad de procesamiento cognitivo
y la memoria. Algunos de los factores rela... Ver más
Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS). Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common manifestation of MS,
especially affecting cognitive processing speed and memory. Some of the factors most
related to CD in patients with MS are age, increased disability, progressive forms and
cognitive reserve.
Objective. To identify possible risk factors/protective factors for cognitive impairment
in a clinical cohort of mildly disabled MS patients.
Methods. A transversal observational study was performed in patients with a diagnosis
of MS and mild disability, under follow-up at the Hospital General Universitario Dr.
Balmis (HGUDB). Cognitive status was assessed by means of the Symbols and Digits Test
(SDMT). The association of the SDMT score with the following variables was analyzed:
age, age at diagnosis, sex, disease duration, type of MS, degree of disability, current
treatment, educational level, brain MRI lesions, tobacco and alcohol consumption,
comorbidities, depression and fatigue.
Results. The series included 91 patients, with a mean age of 42 years, 65% of whom
were female. Six variables were identified, in the bivariate analysis, associated with the
SDMT score: age, disease duration, educational level, type of MS, brain MRI lesion load and degree of disability. In the multivariate analysis, only type of MS, educational level
and brain MRI lesion load were significantly associated with SDMT.
Conclusions. Older age, degree of disability, lower educational level, disease duration,
progressive forms of MS and higher lesion load on brain MRI in persons with MS are
associated with worse cognitive status as assessed by the SDMT test.
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