Abstract:
En el 2020 se produjeron 19.3 millones de casos nuevos de cáncer y casi 10 millones de muertes por la misma causa en todo el mundo, según estimaciones de la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación del Cáncer. Debido a que para el 2040 se espera que la incidencia crezca un 47%, existe una urgenc... Ver más
In 2020, there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and almost 10 million deaths from the same cause worldwide, according to estimates by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Due to the fact that by 2040 the incidence is expected to grow by 47%, there is an urgency to find new therapeutic targets that allow diagnosing and/or improving the effects of existing treatments, especially for the most aggressive, lethal and highly dangerous poor prognosis neoplasms such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma, colon carcinoma, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Therefore, the present investigation focused on the study of the RAC1, PRMT5 and HR genes as possible new therapeutic targets for GBM treatment. In order to achieve this, the effect of RAC1 and PRMT5 chemical inhibitors, NSC23766 and EPZ015666, respectively, in GBM cell lines (HGUE-GB-39, HGUE-GB-42) was evaluated by means of cell viability assays. Subsequently, validation of each of the three potential therapeutic targets was carried out inhibiting their expression with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the characterization of molecular mechanisms regulated by them were started by means of cell cycle assays, Matrigel invasiveness tests, wound healing assays and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Likewise, it was determined how the inhibition of the targets under study was combined with classical therapies such as radiotherapy and carmustine treatment, in addition to other drugs of interest such as verteporfin, AZD6244, erlotinib, OSI-906 and BMS-754807. The absence of a relevant effect of the inhibitors NSC23766 and EPZ015666 on GBM lines, led to testing their effect on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Hs766T, RWP-1) and colon carcinoma (SW-480, HT29) cell lines, following the same line of work mentioned above.
The results obtained indicated that the effects of the inhibition of the possible therapeutic targets depend on the cellular context and, thus, they are specific to the cell line under study. On the one hand, it was observed that RAC1 gene is involved in cell migration and invasiveness cellular processes, since its silencing with siRNA increased the expression of genes that code for metalloproteases 2 and 9 and for β3 integrin. Furthermore, the latter prevented the closure of the wound in wound healing assays. Regarding the HR gene, its silencing increased the levels of MMP9 gene and significantly inhibited proliferation in GBM cell lines. Finally, the use of the inhibitors NSC23766 and EPZ015666 significantly decreased cell proliferation in GBM, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and colon carcinoma cell lines and enhanced the effect of radiotherapy in HGUE-GB-39. However, the effects observed in qPCRs with GBM differ from those observed with the inhibition of the expression of the therapeutic target in question, so it is concluded that they are not good candidates for its use as drugs in GBM treatment.
|