From Physiology to Practice: Validation of Eccentric Velocity Monitoring Using an Optoelectronic System

Abstract

Background: Accurate monitoring of eccentric phase velocity is needed to support velocity-based training (VBT), yet field-valid tools for multi-joint exercises are scarce. This study evaluated the concurrent validity and reliability of an optoelectronic device to quantify eccentric phase velocity during the Smith machine back squat. Methods: A total of 20 resistance-trained men completed two sessions and performed three repetitions at three submaximal loads (20, 50, and 70 kg). Eccentric mean velocity and peak velocity (Vmax) were recorded simultaneously using PowerTrackTM and a criterion system (MuscleLabTM). Validity was assessed using ordinary least products regression, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland–Altam analysis. Reliability was examined via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation, and minimum detectable change. Results: Agreement between devices was very high for Vmax (slope ≈ 1.00; CCC = 0.95), with a small constant bias. Eccentric mean velocity showed proportional bias under higher velocity conditions, whereas overall concordance remained high (CCC = 0.95). Inter-session reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.87–0.96), with low SEM values for eccentric velocity metrics. Conclusions: PowerTrackTM can be a valid and reliable tool for monitoring eccentric phase velocity during the Smith machine back squat, with Vmax representing the most robust metric for applied eccentric VBT.