Fit for purpose? Footwear for patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aim: This paper determines whether patients with and without Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy use suitable footwear, taking into account that these persons are subject to a significant loss of sensitivity in the feet. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted of 108 participants with diabetes mellitus. Inclusion criteria were at least five years’ progression of diabetes, the ability to walk unaided and no distal amputation of the foot. The presence of DPN was evaluated according to the criteria of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Foot length was measured using a Brannock® device and internal shoe length was determined using a CEGI® pedometer. Results: In relation to adjustment, 21.6% of the shoes examined had no type of closure. The most common form of closure was laces, which were used in 32.4% of the shoes. 92.5% of footwear had internal seams. No significant relationship was found between the presence or otherwise of DPN and the use of appropriate shoe closure (p = 0.304), recommended heel height (p = 0.18), leather material (p = 0.77) and absence of internal seams (p = 0.759). Conclusions: The majority of our participants living with DPN do not wear fitting shoes. Therefore, it is advisable to evaluate their use of footwear, both in primary health care and in podiatry clinics, to forestall potential complications.