European multi-level democracy as seen from the principle of constitutional loyalty

Abstract

1. MULTI-LEVEL EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONALISM. THE “BLURRING” OF POWER. 2. RECOURSE TO THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LOYALTY IN THE EUROPEAN ORDER. ORIGINS AND CONFIGURATION. 2.1. The duty of loyalty of the states to the European constitutional project. 2.2. The Union’s duty of loyalty to the constitutional acquis of the states. 2.3. The duty of interinstitutional loyalty. 2.4. The legal-procedural consequences of the principle of European loyalty. 2.5. Where is loyal cooperation heading? The principle of European constitutional loyalty. 3. BIDIRECTIONALITY AND POLARISATION. IMPERFECT LOYALTY. 4. LOYALTY AND EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL SENTIMENT. 4.1. Identity(ies). 4.2. Leadership(s). 5. BY WAY OF EPILOGUE. LOYALTY AND CROSS-LEVEL CONSTITUTIONALISM.