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Arundo donax L. como biomasa residual de utilidad en usos agronómicos


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Título :
Arundo donax L. como biomasa residual de utilidad en usos agronómicos
Autor :
Pelegrín Muelas, Mariano
Tutor:
Moral, Raul  
Andreu Rodríguez, Fco. Javier  
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
Fecha de publicación:
2020-11-11
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/34504
Resumen :
En España las cuencas de los ríos están colonizadas en su mayoría por Arundo donax L. (AD), lo que produce una pérdida importante de biodiversidad, así como un impacto medioambiental y socioeconómico. Arundo donax L. está considerada como una de las 100 peores especies invasoras del mundo (según la...  Ver más
In Spain river basins are colonized mostly by Arundo Donax L. (AD), which results in an important loss of biodiversity, as well as an environmental and socioeconomic impact. Arundo Donax L. is considered as one of the 100 worst invading species in the world (according to World Data Base of Invading Species of IUCN), being among the goals of the European strategy for the mitigation of the loss of biodiversity in 2020 “to keep and restore the ecosystems” and “fight the invasive species”. The management of this invading species on Mediterranean river basins implies a great economic cost per year which must be supported by public resources for its starting-control by means of different procedures, being the most outstanding among them, the mechanical pruning. A problem associated to its removal is the great production of biomass, its difficult handling as well as its potential destination. The current management, performed by such river basins, is restricted to the control-pruning of these species without taking significant advantages of the biomass, moving the problem to landfills or to collecting areas. This doctoral thesis has been argued in this context whose main object is to suggest solutions to the current problems of waste management from Science, focused on the development of fertilizer products directed to the sequestration of C using biomass of Arundo donax L. in processes of co-composting and as mulching material on agricultural soils. Thus, we want to contribute to avoid (or reduce largely) the burning and its elimination by means of landfill of this residual biomass, making the most of this waste and changing it into resource, in concordance with the European strategy of a circular economy implementation. This work is made up of four different experiments, in which the first one the proper plant Arundo donax L. is studied and analyzed, its vegetative under conditions of marginal and saline soils, as well as the composition of its valuable parts (air part and rhizome) as main source of biomass for its exploitation, and also their potential use. It is worth stressing its high capacity of adaptation to adverse environments, its high efficiency to capture atmospheric C and its potential structure nature in the processes of co-composting according to its relation C/N medium-high. In the second experiment, different co-composting scenarios of sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plant and agri-food sludge have been designed and executed using the biomass of Arundo donax L., as bulking agent as synergistic strategy for the management of both organic wastes and produce balanced organic fertilizers. As a result of this experiment, such processes have been optimized and we obtained more ideal processes from environmental and agricultural point of view, confirming the role of AD as significant ingredient and efficient to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in processes of composting of sewage. In the third experiment, we validated the agronomic conditions of the compost derived from AD from experiment 2, under commercial conditions and comparing them with usual fertilization scenarios in intensive agriculture, using a leafy horticultural (spinach) as case of demonstrative study. We obtained similar performance to those of NPK complex with slow release fertilizes used in the commercial management of these farmings, and at the same time the amended soil has been improved in properties and sustainability and give us feasibility for its potential use in leafy horticultural. Finally, in the fourth experiment we studied the potential use that AD biomass has as material used in soil as mulching. For its purpose, we studied specifically the effects that the presence or absence of mulch (superficial vegetable mulching soil) from agricultural biomass (citrus, pomegranate, stem and rhizome from Arundo donax L. and palm leaf) have on the edaphic evaporation. It was also included the addition or not of an organic amendment as variable (addition of 5% of organic material as compost) over three different kind of soils. We obtained that the presence of mulching and the simultaneous presence of mulching and compost assists specially the deceleration of the evaporation of water soil and helps in addition a bigger retention after events such as rain/irrigation. The mulching derived from Arundo donax L. obtained comparable results or even better to the other studied. As an integrating view of above experiments, we can conclude that the proposal for the management of biomass extracted from the invasive species Arundo donax L., either in its direct use as mulching vegetable material for soils, or in its indirect use after its co-composting together with other residual flows, is feasible at operative, agronomic and environmental level, providing local solutions and integrated in processes of circular economy and supplying socioeconomic and environmental advantages
Notas:
Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias. Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
Palabras clave/Materias:
Arundo donax L.
Biomasa
Compostaje
Lodos
Biofertilizantes
Residuos orgánicos
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.