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Modulación del canal iónico TRPA1 por la chaperona sigma 1: papel en la neuropatía periférica inducida por oxaliplatino


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Title:
Modulación del canal iónico TRPA1 por la chaperona sigma 1: papel en la neuropatía periférica inducida por oxaliplatino
Authors:
Marcotti, Aída
Tutor:
Viana de la Iglesia, Félix
De la Peña García, Elvira  
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hérnández de Elche
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Fisiología
Issue Date:
2020
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/33569
Abstract:
El canal iónico TRP Anquirina 1 (TRPA1) es un canal catiónico polimodal que juega un papel crítico en la quimionocicepción, como sensor molecular de irritantes reactivos, estrés y daño tisular. En mamíferos, TRPA1 también ha sido considerado como un sensor de frío nocivo y de estímulos mecánicos, a...  Ver más
The ion channel TRP Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal cation channel that plays a critical role in chemonociception as a molecular sensor of reactive irritants, stress and tissue damage. In mammals TRPA1 has also been shown to be involved as a sensor of noxious cold and mechanical stimuli but this role is still a matter of debate. In the context of neuropathic pain, the role of TRPA1 channels in the development of cold and mechanical allodynia, observed during chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, is very prominent. It has been shown, in mice, that TRPA1 is involved in the exacerbated pain in this particular neuropathy. On the other hand, sigma 1 (σ1), is a chaperone mainly located at the mitochondrion-associated membrane (MAM) of the endoplasmic reticulum and is widely distributed in body tissues, including its expression in primary sensory neurons. Sigma 1 acts as an inter-organelle signaling modulator that regulates the excitability and trafficking of different ion channels and it has also been involved in the homeostasis of the intracellular calcium concentration. The treatment with S1RA, a selective antagonist of σ1, has antinociceptive effects in neuropathic pain animal models. However, the molecular mechanism of this action is still unknown. The goal in this thesis was to study the possible modulation of TRPA1 channels by σ1 in a model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in mice by systemic injection of oxaliplatin. To explore this hypothesis, we used different approaches: evaluation of σ1 modulators in behavioral tests, in vitro measurement of intracellular calcium changes and patch-clamp recordings in heterologous expression systems and in primary sensory neurons dissociated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and molecular biology and biochemical techniques. Through behavioral tests, we found that wild type animals treated with oxaliplatin show mechanical allodynia and cold hypersensitivity. When the DRG from mice previously treated with oxaliplatin were dissociated, sensory neurons showed an increase in response to AITC (selective TRPA1 agonist) using in vitro calcium imaging experiments. Also, we observed an increase in the cold response under in vitro conditions, which was no dependent of TRPA1. Contrary to our expectations, we observed a decrease in the cold detection threshold to lower temperatures. In contrast, mice TRPA1-/- treated with oxaliplatin do not develop cold hypersensitivity and they develop less mechanical allodynia compared with wild type mice. The response to cold of sensory neurons in vitro condition was also increased after oxaliplatin treatment but this increment was reduced compared to wild type mice. Taken together, these results suggest that treatment with oxaliplatin modifies TRPA1 channel activity and that of other cold-sensing ion channels. Additionally, we found that pain-related behavior in response to AITC is diminished by the antagonism of σ1. Thus, mice treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of S1RA showed a decrease in the nocifensive behavior when AITC was injected intraplantarly, suggesting a possible in vivo modulation of TRPA1 by σ1. Since chemotherapy is a planned process, we implemented a simultaneous treatment of S1RA and oxaliplatin to evaluate the possible preventive effect of S1RA in the neuropathy development. Wild type mice treated with S1RA and oxaliplatin develop less mechanical allodynia and cold hypersensitivity than those treated with oxaliplatin alone. Sensory neurons cultured show a decrease in the intracellular calcium level when they are activated with AITC, suggesting an inhibition of TRPA1 by S1RA treatment. Furthermore, altered responses to cold in sensory neurons cultured from mice treated with oxaliplatin were restored to baseline levels after administration of S1RA. Measurement of intracellular calcium changes in HEK293-hTRPA1 incubated with S1RA at different concentrations show a decrease in the response evoked by TRPA1 agonists (AITC and carvacrol). Whole-cell membrane currents in HEK293-hTRPA1 cells in response to AITC were also reduced after incubation with S1RA. S1RA did not induce changes in the TRPA1 activity in a cell line where σ1 is silenced (HEK293-σ1KO), suggesting a direct modulation of TRPA1 by σ1. Also, the biochemical assays of immunoprecipitation suggested a physical interaction between TRPA1 and σ1 in HEK293 cells. Considering the TRPA1 functional deficits observed after incubation with S1RA, we can hypothesize alterations in the trafficking, folding and final structure of TRPA1 channel. In summary, these results show that the σ1 chaperone modulates TRPA1 activity (human and mouse). The use of S1RA, a σ1 antagonist, attenuates neuropathic symptoms induced by oxaliplatin treatment and it could be used as a preventive analgesic strategy. However, the results suggest that both oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy and the effects of S1RA do not only affect the TRPA1 population of channels.
Keywords/Subjects:
chaperona σ1
canal TRPA1
Neurociencias
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Appears in Collections:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias de la Salud



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