Las Elecciones Generales de 1933 en Cartagena. El debut del sufragio femenino

Abstract

Hemos realizado un recorrido histórico centrándonos en los sucesos ocurridos en la II república, haciendo hincapié, en los derechos y libertades obtenidos por las mujeres en ese momento histórico, ya que fue la primera vez que la mujer pudo votar, sin más limites que su edad en España y hemos investigado sobre las elecciones generales de 1933 en Cartagena, hemos conocido su demografía, política y las mujeres que destacaron en aquella etapa histórica.

Our intention when covering this work was to know the circumstances and the people who made the exercise of the feminine right possible. Especially in my city, Cartagena. We must point out that I have not found an incandescent feminine role in Cartagena, but I have fulfilled my objectives when it comes to knowing what the fight for the vote was like. With this investigation we have been making a tour about the birth of the Second Republic and its development, which has allowed us to understand what were the triggers of it. Likewise, we have dismembered the Spanish constitutions until 1931, emphasizing the rights and freedoms obtained little by little by the female gender, from the first moment in which they include them directly in a constitution by introducing the word "woman" 'Until, for the first time and without any restrictions other than their age, they are entitled to the right to active and passive suffrage. In this way, we have known the trajectory of the electoral laws that were postulated little by little, until recognizing the woman holder of the suffrage. For the configuration of this investigation, we have deepened in the doctrine analyzing the works based on the elections of this time, the suffrage and the most important events that had room in this moment, as well as the newspapers that immortalized with letters and photos the events more relevant of those then. Once the theoretical framework has been made, we have descended into practice. For this, we went to the Cartagena archive and dived among the files on the elections, which took place in Cartagena in 1933, from where we obtained an important volume of information, both from newspapers such as La Tierra or El Porvenir as documents that They date from these elections, which have helped us to be able to give concrete figures in relation to the elections, as well as to know the feeling of the people at that time. The historiography has focused on the examination of the right to vote of women, in the parliamentary debate that took place in the courts about it, however there is a gap about the praxis of the 1933 elections. We have known that there was a greater number of illiterate women than men, an electoral propaganda directed to women, in a more sentimental context than serious, school and political absenteeism, because we have only found two relevant subjects in the political area of Murcia at this time, Regina Gracia and Dolores Caballero.