Resumen :
Los nemátodos zoonóticos, Anisakis simplex, suponen un grave riesgo para la salud mediante su consumo a través de productos de pescado. Su ingesta puede provocar una enfermedad conocida como Anisakiasis. Debido a la creciente prevalencia en los músculos y vísceras en numerosas especies de pescado, ... Ver más
Zoonotic nematodes, Anisakis simplex, can pose a serious health risk through consumption via fish products. Intake can cause a disease known as Anisakiasis. Due to its increasing prevalence in the muscles and viscera of numerous fish species, this parasite is one of the greatest threats facing the commercialisation of the Spanish fishing sector. In order to prevent the parasite from reaching the consumer, it has been necessary to apply effective hygiene practices to control the presence of the parasite at each stage of the food chain, and adequately eliminate the residues generated by this control. As a result (of the control), numerous residues are generated that, according to the norms defined by SANDACH (animal products not fit for human consumption) Category 2, must be managed by specialised companies, something that involves an increase in the costs of managing the fishmonger. The aim of the work was to establish mechanisms of destruction and/or deactivation of the anisakis parasite, that could be installed at small business level to guarantee its complete destruction, so as to manage the residues generated in accordance with SANDACH Category 3. This new category would allow these residues to be eliminated together with those of SANDACH Category 3 generated in the establishment, or to be eliminated as solid urban waste (always given that not more than 20 kg are generated weekly). To achieve that, the efficacy of three methods of inactivation were studied: (i) microwaves, (ii) moist heat and (iii) disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite). The material used was blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) from a parasitically infested part detected in the distribution logistics platform, the intermediate link between fishmonger and fish market, caught in Northwest Atlantic zone, FAO 27. The methods tested consisted of 2 combinations of time and/or temperature for each of the proposed methods: (i) 3 min – 800 w and 4 min – 600 w, in the case of the microwave, (ii) 30 min – 115 ºC and 15 min – 121 ºC, using an autoclave, and (iii) 1 h and 24 h using a concentration of 4 g/L of free chlorine (sodium hypochlorite). The evaluation of the efficacy of the treatments was carried out by visual inspection (verification of mobility and integrity of the larvae). The results confirmed the efficacy of the heat treatment achieved by moist heat and by microwave, when evident damage to the parasite (death of all individuals) was observed. On the other hand, the use of sodium hypochlorite was not effective at any of the times under test. With this, it has been shown that it may be possible to integrate simple and low-cost destruction mechanisms in retail fish industries, capable of minimising the economic impact resulting from the management of generated waste.
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