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Modulación de la masa de la célula alfa pancreática en un modelo murino de diabetes autoinmune experimental


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Título :
Modulación de la masa de la célula alfa pancreática en un modelo murino de diabetes autoinmune experimental
Autor :
Bru Tarí, Eva María
Tutor:
Quesada Moll, Iván
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Biología Aplicada
Fecha de publicación:
2020-01-17
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5797
Resumen :
La pérdida de la población beta pancreática y su regeneración han sido los temas centrales en la investigación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). A pesar de la importancia de la célula alfa en la etiología y complicaciones de la DM1, existe poca información acerca de la masa de este tipo celular...  Ver más
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) studies have been focused on the loss and regenerative strategies of the pancreatic beta-cell population. Nevertheless, despite the role of the alpha-cell in the etiology and complications of T1D, there is a lack of knowledge about the modulation of the pancreatic alpha-cell mass in this pathology. Additionally, recent findings have presented the alpha-cell as a plastic cell with great potential as a reservoir for beta-cell regeneration. Thus, the understanding of the modulation of the alpha-cell mass could be of outstanding importance for the elucidation of contributive factors involved in T1D pathophysiology and for the implementation of beta-cell regeneration strategies. In the present doctoral thesis, the pancreatic alpha-cell mass and its modulatory processes have been characterized in two stages of the disease: early-onset, one-week after diabetes debut, and an advanced stage, four weeks after the onset. The transgenic RIP-B7.1 mice model of experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD) was employed in this study. In both stages, diabetic mice presented insulitis, hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and high plasmatic glucagon levels along with a significative reduction of the pancreatic insulin content. In the early-onset of EAD, alpha-cell mass and pancreatic glucagon content were preserved, while both parameters were reduced in the advanced phase. At both diabetic phases, alpha-cell size, proliferation and ductal neogenesis were increased, whereas apoptosis was almost negligible. Interestingly, we found an increase in markers of alpha-cell transdifferentiation into beta-cells during EAD. In both the early-onset and advanced stages, diabetic mice showed an increase in the proportion of bihormonal cells positive for insulin and glucagon or positive for both glucagon and the beta-cell transcription factor PDX1. Our findings suggest that alpha-cell renewal mechanisms are up-regulated during the natural course of EAD, possibly as an attempt to maintain a functional alpha-cell population and/or to increase beta-cell regeneration via alpha-cell transdifferentiation.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Fisiología endocrina
Histología animal
Biología celular
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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