Resumen :
La pérdida de la población beta pancreática y su regeneración han sido los temas centrales en la
investigación de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). A pesar de la importancia de la célula alfa en
la etiología y complicaciones de la DM1, existe poca información acerca de la masa de este tipo
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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) studies have been focused on the loss and regenerative strategies of the
pancreatic beta-cell population. Nevertheless, despite the role of the alpha-cell in the etiology
and complications of T1D, there is a lack of knowledge about the modulation of the pancreatic
alpha-cell mass in this pathology. Additionally, recent findings have presented the alpha-cell as
a plastic cell with great potential as a reservoir for beta-cell regeneration. Thus, the
understanding of the modulation of the alpha-cell mass could be of outstanding importance for
the elucidation of contributive factors involved in T1D pathophysiology and for the
implementation of beta-cell regeneration strategies. In the present doctoral thesis, the pancreatic
alpha-cell mass and its modulatory processes have been characterized in two stages of the
disease: early-onset, one-week after diabetes debut, and an advanced stage, four weeks after the
onset. The transgenic RIP-B7.1 mice model of experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD) was
employed in this study. In both stages, diabetic mice presented insulitis, hyperglycaemia,
hypoinsulinemia and high plasmatic glucagon levels along with a significative reduction of the
pancreatic insulin content. In the early-onset of EAD, alpha-cell mass and pancreatic glucagon
content were preserved, while both parameters were reduced in the advanced phase. At both
diabetic phases, alpha-cell size, proliferation and ductal neogenesis were increased, whereas
apoptosis was almost negligible. Interestingly, we found an increase in markers of alpha-cell
transdifferentiation into beta-cells during EAD. In both the early-onset and advanced stages,
diabetic mice showed an increase in the proportion of bihormonal cells positive for insulin and
glucagon or positive for both glucagon and the beta-cell transcription factor PDX1. Our findings
suggest that alpha-cell renewal mechanisms are up-regulated during the natural course of EAD,
possibly as an attempt to maintain a functional alpha-cell population and/or to increase beta-cell regeneration via alpha-cell transdifferentiation.
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