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Estudio de incidentes y Eventos Adversos en la atención ambulatoria en países de América Latina


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Title:
Estudio de incidentes y Eventos Adversos en la atención ambulatoria en países de América Latina
Authors:
Montserrat Capella, Dolors
Tutor:
Mira Solves, José Joaquín
Reveiz, Ludovic
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Psicología de la Salud
Issue Date:
2017-05-04
URI:
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5148
Abstract:
Introducción y objetivo: La seguridad del paciente es una prioridad para las organizaciones sanitarias de todo el mundo. A pesar de existir ya muchos estudios, pocos se han realizado a nivel ambulatorio en América Latina. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la frecuencia y evitabilidad de los...  Ver más
Introduction and Objective: Patient safety is a priority for health organizations around the world. Research on this subject is plentiful, yet little has been done on the subject in ambulatory care in Latin America. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and prevention of Adverse Effects (AE) in ambulatory care facilities in a number of selected hospitals in Latin American. Methodology: Multinational observational cohort study with a retrospective and prospective approach. The study population were patients over 18 years old attended in ambulatory healthcare facilities from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. A minimum sample size of 1866 patients was initially estimated for an AE incidence of 1%, a margin of error of 0.5% and a 95% confidence interval (CI). The AE ocurred six months prior to the ambulatory consultation and 42 days after it were collected. We analyzed the AE in terms of prevention, of patients´ daily activities disruption, as well as the causes and consequences of AE. Interviews with the patients were determinant in detecting AE. Convenience sampling was performed in ambulatory healthcare centers. Results: 232 doctors and 2080 patients participated in the project. A total of 180 incidents were detected, which affected 108 patients. The prevalence of AE was 5.6% (116/2080, 95% CI 4.6‐6.6), 108 patients (7.4%) had more than one AE, being the prevalence per patient of 5,2% (108/2080) (95% CI 4.2‐6.1).Almost 75% of the AE were caused by/or related to medication, basically adverse drug reactions, followed by prescription errors (9%) and communication problems (9%). The impact of these AE on patients was severe in 8.6% of total AE and more frequent in women, in the age group from 46 to 64 and in lower income patients. The level of disability caused by AE was mild or moderate in 34.5% of cases (40/116). 70% /seventy percent of the AE related to/due to communication issues and 60% of the AEs related to prescription (errors) were considered preventable with total certainty. Preventability was associated with the low, low‐middle and middle socioeconomic status of the patient (OR 3.6 95% CI 1.2 to 10.6) and with medication errors (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.5). The incidence of AE was 2.4% (42/1757; 95% CI 1.7‐3.1), with almost 60% of them due to medication. The 31.7% (13 AE) were considered avoidable. Conclusions: We estimate the frequency of AE in ambulatory care in 4 countries of Latin America. The a prevalence of AE 5.6% and in 7.4% of them more than one AE has occurred and incidence of AE has been 2.4% with a loss of 15.5% of the patients included in the first phase of the study. As in the literature, medications, prescription and communication are the most frequent causes of AE. More than one‐third of AEs are preventable. Finally, the methodology of the study is transferable to other areas of the health system and to other countries.
Keywords/Subjects:
Salud Pública
América Latina
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina: Higiene y salud pública. Contaminación. Prevención de accidentes. Enfermería
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Appears in Collections:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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