Title: Estudio de incidentes y Eventos
Adversos en la atención ambulatoria
en países de América Latina |
Authors: Montserrat Capella, Dolors |
Tutor: Mira Solves, José Joaquín Reveiz, Ludovic |
Department: Departamentos de la UMH::Psicología de la Salud |
Issue Date: 2017-05-04 |
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5148 |
Abstract:
Introducción y objetivo: La seguridad del paciente es una prioridad para las
organizaciones sanitarias de todo el mundo. A pesar de existir ya muchos estudios,
pocos se han realizado a nivel ambulatorio en América Latina. El objetivo de este
trabajo es determinar la frecuencia y evitabilidad de los... Ver más
Introduction and Objective: Patient safety is a priority for health organizations around
the world. Research on this subject is plentiful, yet little has been done on the subject in
ambulatory care in Latin America. The aim of the study was to determine the
frequency and prevention of Adverse Effects (AE) in ambulatory care facilities in a
number of selected hospitals in Latin American.
Methodology: Multinational observational cohort study with a retrospective and
prospective approach. The study population were patients over 18 years old attended
in ambulatory healthcare facilities from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. A
minimum sample size of 1866 patients was initially estimated for an AE incidence of
1%, a margin of error of 0.5% and a 95% confidence interval (CI). The AE ocurred six
months prior to the ambulatory consultation and 42 days after it were collected. We
analyzed the AE in terms of prevention, of patients´ daily activities disruption, as well
as the causes and consequences of AE. Interviews with the patients were determinant
in detecting AE. Convenience sampling was performed in ambulatory healthcare
centers.
Results: 232 doctors and 2080 patients participated in the project. A total of 180
incidents were detected, which affected 108 patients. The prevalence of AE was 5.6%
(116/2080, 95% CI 4.6‐6.6), 108 patients (7.4%) had more than one AE, being the
prevalence per patient of 5,2% (108/2080) (95% CI 4.2‐6.1).Almost 75% of the AE were
caused by/or related to medication, basically adverse drug reactions, followed by
prescription errors (9%) and communication problems (9%). The impact of these AE on
patients was severe in 8.6% of total AE and more frequent in women, in the age group
from 46 to 64 and in lower income patients. The level of disability caused by AE was
mild or moderate in 34.5% of cases (40/116). 70% /seventy percent of the AE related
to/due to communication issues and 60% of the AEs related to prescription (errors)
were considered preventable with total certainty. Preventability was associated with
the low, low‐middle and middle socioeconomic status of the patient (OR 3.6 95% CI 1.2
to 10.6) and with medication errors (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.5). The incidence of AE was
2.4% (42/1757; 95% CI 1.7‐3.1), with almost 60% of them due to medication. The 31.7%
(13 AE) were considered avoidable. Conclusions: We estimate the frequency of AE in ambulatory care in 4 countries of
Latin America. The a prevalence of AE 5.6% and in 7.4% of them more than one AE has
occurred and incidence of AE has been 2.4% with a loss of 15.5% of the patients
included in the first phase of the study. As in the literature, medications, prescription
and communication are the most frequent causes of AE. More than one‐third of AEs
are preventable. Finally, the methodology of the study is transferable to other areas of
the health system and to other countries.
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Keywords/Subjects: Salud Pública América Latina |
Knowledge area: CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina: Higiene y salud pública. Contaminación. Prevención de accidentes. Enfermería |
Type of document: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Access rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Appears in Collections: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías
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