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https://hdl.handle.net/11000/5134
Nuevos paradigmas para el estudio de artefactos y mecanismos cognitivos relacionados con la marcha a partir de señales EEG
Title: Nuevos paradigmas para el estudio de artefactos y mecanismos cognitivos relacionados con la marcha a partir de señales EEG |
Authors: Costa García, Álvaro |
Tutor: Azorín Poveda, José María Iáñez Martínez, Eduardo |
Department: Departamentos de la UMH::Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática |
Issue Date: 2016-07-18 |
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5134 |
Abstract:
En este trabajo se pretende evaluar los mecanismos cognitivos que experimenta
el ser humano durante el proceso de la marcha partir de las se ˜ nales electroencefalogr
´aficas (EEG). Uno de los principales objetivos es el desarrollo de interfaces
cerebro-m´aquina que permitan determinar el estado co... Ver más
This thesis is focused on the evaluation of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals
in order to improve current understanding of cognitive processes experienced
by humans during ambulation. The main goal is to set the basis of brainmachine
interfaces (BMIs) development that provide information about the user
cognitive state during walking. This information could be used as feedback for
assistive and rehabilitation technologies.
Currently, recording of cortical activity during ambulation has not been widely
explored. EEG potentials have a poor signal to noise ratio which makes
their recording difficult during movement. It is necessary to develop protocols
that asses the validity of these signals during walking. Therefore, the thesis starts
with the evaluation of cortical artifacts produced by jaw clenches. This first study
was used to develop a system to control a cursor and a robotic arm in a twodimensional
workspace through jaw clenches. Both systems show promising results
in the field of assistive technologies oriented to physically impaired people.
In a second study, cortical signals were measured both during ambulation and
movement-free conditions. Both conditions were compared to find unexpected
behaviors during walking. After this comparison, two types of noise were found
in the signals with higher influence on ambulation recordings. Results suggest
that it can be the result of conductivity changes between the scalp and the electrodes
during movement. The evaluation of these noises would allow the development
of protocols for recording valid EEG signals during ambulation. These
protocols were used to evaluate cognitive mechanisms.
The mechanism evaluated is related to the level of attention paid by humans
in gait process. This work evaluates the whole EEG bandwidth to find evidence
of classifiable cortical information related to this phenomenon. Results show
a desynchronization in the gamma band (30-90 Hz) associated to selective attention
mechanisms. Performed offline classifications provide promising results that
could be implemented as a real time system.
This study showed promising results in detection of cognitive mechanisms
during ambulation. Taken together, these findings could be applied in future brain-machine interfaces for rehabilitation. This kind of interface would provide,
in real time, several parameters related to cognitive state of patients. These
parameters could be used during the rehabilitation strategy to adapt therapies
to patients’ mental state. This would provide patients a way to be involved with
their rehabilitation.
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Keywords/Subjects: Tratamiento de señales Neurociencias Rehabilitación médica |
Knowledge area: CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Ingeniería. Tecnología |
Type of document: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Access rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Appears in Collections: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías
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