Resumen :
El cáncer es una enfermedad causada por la alteración de los mecanismos que indican a las células cuándo dividirse, provocando la multiplicación sin control de las células afectadas que invaden localmente y a distancia otros tejidos. Es una enfer-medad que si no es diagnosticada a tiempo suele pres... Ver más
Cancer is a disease caused by the disruption of the mechanisms that tell cells when to divide, causing uncontrolled multiplication of a˙ected cells, that invade neighboring and distant tissues. It is a disease that if not diagnosed early usually has a very high mortality rate. Each year are diagnosed with cancer 12.7 million people worldwide, being the mortality rate of this disease over 7.6 million.
The correct diagnosis of the disease is vital to reduce this rate. There are currently various resources for the detection of cancer, being ultrasound one of the most im-portant, mainly because: it is a non-invasive procedure, it is almost never painful, it is inexpensive, uses no ionizing radiation, soft tissues can clearly be observed and provides a real-time image.
This Thesis focuses on the development of computer applications and algorithms to enhance the potential of the diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique for di˙erent types of cancer, particularly prostate cancer, breast cancer and thyroid cancer. With the help of specialists in each field, some improvements have been identified to be implemented in diagnostic techniques.
The Applications and algorithms developed and their results are reported in th-ree publications, two of them included in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). In the first article, iProstate, a mathematical predictive model-based 3D-rendering tool to visualize the location and extent of prostate cancer, a 3D software tool is presented, that using prediction algorithms, is able to predict the location and extent of tumors in the prostate. This tool also enables the visualization of tumors in a 3D recons-truction of the prostate of the patient. This reconstruction is made from ultrasound image slices previously taken. This work, was originally developed to adjust the sur-gical radicality in prostate cancer and reduce side e˙ects. Later it has been found its potential suitability in the field of focal therapy, which will allow to implement a targeted therapy for the tumor and its surrounding tissue. The application is in experimental phase in the Hospital La Fe de Valencia and the Marqués de Vadecilla Hospital in Cantabria. The second article, Ultrasound based application for intraglan-dular mapping of breast cancer presents an application that enhances the diagnostic process using radial ultrasound breast examination and presenting information in a 3D reconstruction of the breast of the patient. This application, with software patent number: 09/2011/1874. has become a commercial product being operated under the trade name of Breast Explorer by the EBT. Instead-Technologies S.L. Finally, the article First Steps towards a USE System for Non-invasive Thyroid Exploration pre-sents an application that making use of the ultrasound image in real time, is able to make a elastographic analysis of the tissues of the thyroid gland under study. This application also includes an expert system to help the doctor with the diagnosis of the nodules.
Summarizing, three medical diagnostic computer applications are presented, who-se link is the use of ultrasound and location information to enhance the diagnostic capabilities.
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