LTE-V for Sidelink 5G V2X Vehicular Communications: A New 5G Technology for Short-Range Vehicle-to-Everything Communications

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the LTE-V standard supporting sidelink or V2V communications using the PC5 interface in LTE. The paper reviews the physical layer changes introduced under Release 14 for LTE-V, its communication modes 3 and 4, and the LTE-V evolutions under discussion in Release 15 to support 5G V2X communications and autonomous vehicles’ applications. Modes 3 and 4 support direct V2V communications, but differ on how they allocate the radio resources. Resources are allocated by the cellular network under Mode 3. Mode 4 does not require cellular coverage, and vehicles autonomously select their radio resources using a distributed scheduling scheme supported by congestion control mechanisms. Mode 4 is considered the baseline mode, and represents an alternative to 802.11p or DSRC. In this context, the paper also presents a detailed analysis of the performance of LTE-V sidelink Mode 4, and proposes a modification to its distributed scheduling