Resumen :
Actualmente, las dislipemias son un importante problema de salud en las sociedades
modernas. Dada su prevalencia, la alta morbimortalidad, la repercusión en la calidad de
vida de las usuarias y el gasto sanitario asociado, se hace necesario investigar estrategias
para su prevención y tratamiento. E... Ver más
Nowadays, dislipemias are an important health problem in modern societies. Taking
into account the prevalence, the high mobimortality, the impact in the quality of life and
the sanitary economical costs associated, it becomes necessary to investigate strategies
for prevention and treatment. In this context, the accumulated evidence indicates that
the intake of omega-3 fatty acids, under a nutritionist supervision, can reduce circulating
cholesterol levels. These fatty acids are present in fish, nuts, as well as in capsules that
can be purchased in pharmacies.
The first relevant aspect studied in the present thesis work was the quality of the fish
oils encapsulated by determining the oxidation level. The oxidation degree was variable
between the different commercial brands analyzed so far. As an alternative, seed oils
such as flaxseed, rich in antioxidants, do not use to present oxidation problems. The
challenge of these sources of omega-3 becomes from the difficulty of extraction from
seeds. In this context, different extraction techniques were studied as well as the quality
of the final oil products obtained. The best yield corresponded to oils extracted using
soxhlet method and petroleum ether as solvent.
Following this thesis work, two nutritional interventions were planned in a Pharmacy
establishment located in Elche. A protocol to know directly the circulating lipid profile
of women costumers, as well as their anthropometric parameters, was set up for the first
time. Afterwards, those women with high circulating cholesterol levels that wished to
participate were selected for the two interventions consuming fish oil capsules in one
case, and flaxseed in the other. In addition, participants followed a rich fish diet
(hypolipemic) for one month. The obtained results indicated that oxidized fatty acids
from fish oils were not capable to reduce blood cholesterol levels. On the other hand,
non-oxidized fatty acids from fish oil and flaxseed together with diet were the best
strategy to reduce circulating cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Moreover, this work in
a Pharmacy establishment allowed to apply successful strategies for prevention and
correction of hyperlipemias, contributing likely to reduce incidence and mortality due to
cardiovascular disease.
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