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Cambios a nivel epigenético y proteómico en pez cebra en respuesta a la infección con virus de la viremia primaveral de la carpa (SVCV)
Title: Cambios a nivel epigenético y proteómico en pez cebra en respuesta a la infección con virus de la viremia primaveral de la carpa (SVCV) |
Authors: Medina Gali, Regla María |
Tutor: Pérez García-Estañ, Luis Encinar Hidalgo, José Antonio Ortega-Villaizan Romo, María del Mar |
Department: Departamentos de la UMH::Bioquímica y Biología Molecular |
Issue Date: 2017-07-03 |
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11000/3809 |
Abstract: El sistema inmune es el encargado de generar una respuesta frente a moléculas extrañas en el organismo, y está dividido en dos ramas: el sistema inmune innato y el sistema adaptativo. El sistema inmune innato constituye la primera línea de defensa contra organismos invasores o patógenos incluyendo ... Ver más Many economically important freshwater fish suffer diseases caused by viruses, which results in tremendous losses in aquaculture. The outcome of the virus infection relays in the virus ability to overcome the host antiviral response. In recent years transcriptomics and proteomics techniques have come up as novel tools to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific molecular processes involved in the response of the infected fish to the pathogen and its relationship to disease resistance. Pathogens such as viruses can modulate the host transcriptome and proteome through a variety of mechanisms. Host chromatin can be one of the targets of the pathogen leading to changes during the course of infection. Methylation is a common type of histone modification. Different histone methylation states are a reflection of the epigenetics changes that may happen after challenge with a pathogen. In this study, chromatin extracted from internal organs of SVCV‐infected zebrafish was analyzed. We found over 7000 differentially methylated genes at 1, 2 and 5 days’ post challenge. Analysis of ChIP‐seq data revealed that several cell signaling pathways are transcriptionally activated in the infected fish: TGF‐β signaling, TLR´s signaling pathways and apoptosis response, amongst others. Those pathways represent different responses of the host to external/pathogen stimuli. QRT‐PCR was performed to verify the transcriptional activation of those genes identified by ChIPseq analysis. A number of genes reported to play a role in the innate immune response were shown to be up‐regulated: TLRs, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interferon, c‐reactive proteins, gig2, mx, tlrs. Overall there is a significant activation of cytokine signaling, interleukin pathways from day 2 post‐infection. GSEA analysis indicated that proteosome degradation, TGF‐beta and TNF pathways are differentlially up‐regulated in the SVCVinfected fish. At the 5 dp.i. time point the apoptosis pathway as well as serum crps are the gene sets with the highest level of expression. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying SVCV pathogenesis samples from zebrafish blood were subjected to proteomic analysis. Our data revealed 139, 63, 32 altered host serum proteins at 1, 2 and 5 days p.i., respectively. Particularly, vitellogenins and gig2 are present in large quantities in blood from virus‐infected fish. Fish response to SVCV infection appears to occur rapidly, with the expression values of 20 proteins in the category of response to stimuli peaking at 24 hp.i. This number declined at later times postinfection. Moreover, up‐regulation of the corresponding genes were validated by qRT‐PCR, which further demonstrated raising levels of vitellogenins and gig2. Higher serum concentrations of vitellogenin protein in the SVCV‐infected fish was confirmed by immunoblot. This is the first report of an increase of vitellogenin and gig2 blood levels after viral infection of fish. To get further insight into the non‐specific innate immune response to pathogens as well as to examine the capacity of fish to gain a innate immune memory (trained immunity), the immunostimulatory potential of beta‐glucan and how it affects SVCV infection was analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. In a zebrafish cell line beta‐glucan treatment led to a rapid induction of a number of cytokines. Real‐time PCR data showed up‐regulation of il1b, il6, il8, il10, tnfa and gig2 genes. All these molecules are involved in the interferon‐signalling pathways as well as in response to pathogen pathways. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of beta‐glucan conferred partial protection against challenge with SVCV. Examination of the up‐regulated genes in the SVCV‐infected fish showed increased transcription of il1b, il6, il8, il10, tnfa and gig2 genes in the bea‐glucan treatment group, exhibiting a good correlation with the cell culture data and pointing to a link between a general activation of the innate immune system and the establishment of a temporary antiviral state in the fish. We believe this work makes an important contribution to the understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of defense against viral pathogens in teleost fish. |
Keywords/Subjects: inmunología virologia proteómica |
Knowledge area: CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología: Bioquímica. Biología molecular. Biofísica |
Type of document: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Access rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Appears in Collections: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías |