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Efecto del ejercicio físico acuático en la motivación y el bienestar


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Título :
Efecto del ejercicio físico acuático en la motivación y el bienestar
Autor :
Zazo, Ricardo  
Tutor:
Moreno Murcia, Juan Antonio
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Psicología de la Salud
Fecha de publicación:
2017-06-28
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/3772
Resumen :
Numerosos estudios revelan un aumento considerable de la obesidad y de la disminución del tiempo activo en su tiempo de ocio en la población adulta. El ejercicio físico en el medio acuático puede ser un contexto ideal para el fomento de hábitos saludables en la población si dichos programas están d...  Ver más
Numerous studies reveal significant increasements in obesity and a decline of the physical activity in the leisure time of the adult population. The environment of aquatic physical exercise can be an ideal context to promote healthy habits in the population if these programs are run by professional technicians with adequate training. This training is the key to keep the interest and well-being in physical and sport practices of any contest. Thus, based on the self-determination theory and the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The main goal of this dissertation was to verify the relevance of the prediction power of some psycho-social variables on the psychological well-being of the people practicing differents aquatic exercise programs. A second goal in a pilot study was also explored in order to check the effects of a technical mixed interpersonal style through the satisfaction of psychological mediators, self-determinated motivation, psychological well-being, and daily time dedicated to activity in the intention of the practitioner to remain physically active. To this end, we conducted two studies. In the first one, it was hypothesized that the harmonious passion, the autonomy support of the technician, the psychological mediators and the self-determinated motivation, positively predict the psychological well-being and the regular physical exercise practice. In contrast, in the second study, it was expected that after the intervention through a mixed interpersonal style of the aquatic technician, the experimental group had presented major satisfaction to the basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, less sedentary lifestyle and greater psychological well-being than the control group. This investigation is composed of these two different studies, where, in the first place, we analyzed the relations between these psychosocial variables in a correlational study, to subsequently establish a predictive model in the healthy field. A total of 349 practitioners from different aquatic programs participated, having between 18 and 84 years (M = 47.50; DT = 15.66), among which 289 were women and 60 men. To do this, were administered the scales BPNS, EPG, BREQ-3 and PWBS. After the linear regression analysis it was noted that the psychological well-being was explained in a negative way by the obsessive passion and positively by the harmonious passion, a competent mediator and the self-determined motivation. In order to achieve an improvement in the well-being of the practitioner, with this study, it is suggested that thanks to the transmission of the aquatic technician and subsequent internalization of the activity of the practitioners through the relationship with others, you get an improvement in the well-being through the achievement of their expectations or goals proposed earlier. In order to establish such a model, we adjusted the previous sample, where we used the scales PASSES, EPG, BPNS, BREQ-3 and PWBS. The results of the structural regression analysis model established that both the autonomy support and the harmonious passion predicted positively the psychological mediators, which predicted positively this self-determined motivation, which predicted positively the exercise rate and psychological well-being. The environment created by the technician with a facilitator methodology, with harmonious passion and support towards the autonomy of the practitioner, could be decisive in the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, thus achieving greater self-determined motivation. This would lead to an increase of physical exercise and an improvement in their welfare. Secondly, we extended the study more in depth with a quasi-experimental design through a healthy motivational aquatic program (PAMS), which lasted nine months. A mixed methodology with quantitative and qualitative data was used. Questionnaires and physical test were provided, and half-structured interviews were performed to a total sample of 90 aquagym participants. The study was finally completed by 49 of them. The sample was divided into two groups, an experimental group composed of 28 women (M = 39.04, SD = 6.19), with an average experience of 3.05 years, and a control group of 21 women (M = 36.42, SD = 10.01), with an average experience of 2.29 years doing physical exercise in the aquatic environment. After the intervention with a program based on the self-determination theory and autonomy support of the technician, both groups perceived health benefits, but the experimental group perceived a better autonomy support of the technician, better relationships with others and a greater psychological well-being among the participants. The information provided in this study may be used by the instructor to promote this type of aquatic exercise programs for a healthy population.Among the results found, we highlight that there exists a positive prediction between the harmonious passion, the perceived competence and the self-determined motivation on top of the psychological well-being of the practitioners of the aquatic physical exercise. In addition, the analysis of the results of the intervention, both quantitative and qualitative, through semi-structured interviews showed relevant information to support the obtained quantitative data, making the practitioner feel a greater autonomy through a mixed interpersonal style through different strategies in planning the tasks. Increasing the relationship with the others and causing an improvement of the self-determinated motivation constructs, through more active behavior of the achievement, increasing their psychological well-being, and a greater feeling in your healthy organism. The results are discussed according to the different variable theories of the study, finishing with a proposed intervention with different strategies directed to improve the motivation, the relationship and the well-being of the practitioners in the aquatic physical exercise environment before, during and after the session through by the instructor.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Motivación
Ejercicio físico
Bienestar psicológico
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Filosofía y psicología: Psicología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas



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