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https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35689
Uso de lodos EDAR para agricultura en la Región de Murcia: un caso de estudio
Título : Uso de lodos EDAR para agricultura en la Región de Murcia: un caso de estudio |
Autor : López Aragón, Román Francisco |
Tutor: García Izquierdo, Carlos |
Editor : Universidad Miguel Hernández |
Departamento: Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente |
Fecha de publicación: 2024-11-22 |
URI : https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35689 |
Resumen : El trabajo realizado para esta Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo conocer de manera real, qué sucede en nuestros suelos cuando son enmendados con lodos EDAR, en condiciones de clima semiárido, desde un punto de vista agronómico y ambiental. Además, se pretende concienciar sobre la problemática no r... Ver más The objective of the work carried out for this Doctoral Thesis is to know in a real way what happens to our soils when they are amended with WWTP sludge, in semi-arid climate conditions, from both agronomic and environmental perspectives. In addition, it is intended to raise awareness about the unresolved problem around organic waste, and specifically that concerning the sludge generated in our WWTP, proposing possible solutions for their recovery; the ultimate goal will be to establish some criteria that provoke reflection on their future. The generation of sludge derived from the urban wastewater treatment and purification (SLUDGE WWTP), is undoubtedly a problem due to its continuous production; we need to offer them the best possible solution from an environmental, social, and economic perspective, valuing them in the most appropriate way. Although water purification technologies are aimed at generating less amount of sludge, and with higher quality due to new treatments, we will continue to generate large amounts of it in the near future. And faced with this problem, what can we do with our WWTP sludge? Fortunately and to a large extent, European environmental laws prohibit aspects as negative as their discharge into the sea, or their massive introduction into landfills (the lastter aspect is restricted). In countries like Spain, with significant agriculture, a possible alternative is, and will continue to be, the agricultural recovery of sludge through direct recycling (or after a stabilization treatment like composting), in the soil as an amendment or organic fertilizer. It is the most economical and currently used option. In this way, exogenous organic matter (organic carbon) would be introduced into the soil, which, if it is of quality, will contribute to maintaining their fertility and productivity, which are increasingly poor and degraded, thus protecting this important natural resource by improving of many of its properties. Sludge contains a series of macronutrients such as nitrogen (due to the protein nature of the material), phosphorus (an important nutrient for the future of our soils, and one of the greatest added values of sludge), as well as other micronutrients necessary for plants. This valorization would allow turning a waste into a resource. However, not everything is positive for the recycling of sludge in the soil; they may contain (fortunately, increasingly less), some elements that could affect their use as a soil amendment or fertilizer (high salinity, heavy metal content, some persistent organics considered as emerging contaminants, pathogenic microorganisms, or even their bad smell). In this Doctoral Thesis, an objective based on carrying out field experimentation has been proposed to understand the effect that the application of WWTP sludge has on the soil-plant system, with management in accordance with this type of practice. in agriculture. The effect of applying WWTP sludge on the edaphic fertility of receiving soils, as well as on the plant grown on them, in experiments outside the laboratory, is an important part of this study. The experiments are carried out on agricultural plots that support crops of almond trees and stone fruit (nectarine) and cereal, applying WWTP sludge previously characterized and considered suitable for it, as an organic amendment, with the capacity to provide nutrients (source of nitrogen and phosphorus). The cultivation system, as well as the fertilization plan, has been consistent with that followed in this type of agriculture. After monitoring different test plots with sludge application to the soil, it is concluded that when the WWTP sludge has an adequate quality (low heavy metal content, and having undergone an accepted stabilization treatment), it can be recycled in agricultural soils. as an organic amendment or organic fertilizer, always with adequate monitoring of the receiving soils. Sewage sludge favorably influences the edaphic fertility of receiving soils. When the sludge is added to the soil, their organic carbon content and organic matter increase. This implies that sludge can help to increasing the fertility of the soils where they are applied. Moreover, they also introduce appreciable amounts of N and P, with a certain fertilizing character. Likewise, from a biochemical and microbiological point of view, soils and their health are also benefited. And from an environmental perspective, if the applied sludge is of adequate quality, there is no problem regarding to contamination problems due to heavy metals or some emerging organics. Therefore, sludge valorization in agriculture, through its direct application to the soil, is considered positive. This work concludes that we should ensure that the recycling of WWTP sludge in the soil will never pose any risk to any involved ecosystem. To achieve this, clear criteria should be established that allow its use in agriculture with adequate control (sludge quality and management). However, the future of direct application of sludge for agriculture may become increasingly complicated if the levels of demand increase. Very possibly, the direct use of sludge through soil recycling has an expiration date, although the possibility of adequately composting them and using them once composted (pathogen-free, with stabilized organic matter, and odor-free) should remain open. It is true that our WWTP sludge can be recovered energetically through processes of combustion, biomethanization, pyrolysis, or hydrothermal carbonization, which are not economically viable at present. But from an environmental and future perspective, building organic matter in our soils by adding sludge of sufficient quality (possibly composted) should be considered a priority option if we want to avoid inevitable desertification processes on soils. poor in organic matter. In semi-arid climate zones, with agriculture sometimes not well understood, and soils with a certain level of depletion and degradation due to the demands of an agriculture that needs to produce, we advocate the use of quality organic amendments allowing sustainable strategies. for future agriculture. For this reason, in this Doctoral Thesis a field trial has been carried out at the field level, with three different crops (almond, fruit trees and cereal), verifying what an application of sludge as an exogenous contribution of organic matter (and nutrients), can contribute to the quality and health of the receiving soils, and their edaphic fertility |
Notas: Programa de Doctorado en Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias, Agroambientales y Alimentarias |
Palabras clave/Materias: Lodos de depuradora Residuos orgánicos Suelos agrícolas |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
Aparece en las colecciones: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías |
La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.