Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35614

Diseño e implementación de sistemas de medida no invasivos basados en microondas para aplicaciones médicas: detección del desplazamiento cerebral, detección de aneurismas de aorta abdominal y evaluación de la calidad de las suturas de anastomosis intestinal


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Title:
Diseño e implementación de sistemas de medida no invasivos basados en microondas para aplicaciones médicas: detección del desplazamiento cerebral, detección de aneurismas de aorta abdominal y evaluación de la calidad de las suturas de anastomosis intestinal
Authors:
Martínez Lozano, Andrea  
Tutor:
Ávila Navarro, Ernesto  
Sabater Navarro, José María
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hérnández de Elche
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Ingeniería de Comunicaciones
Issue Date:
2024
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35614
Abstract:
La imagen médica es una tecnología no invasiva que se utiliza para visualizar el interior del cuerpo humano con el fin de diagnosticar, monitorizar o detectar alguna anomalía. En los últimos años los sistemas de imágenes por microondas para aplicaciones médicas se han convertido en una técnica ampl...  Ver más
Medical imaging is a non-invasive technology used to visualise the inside of the human body in order to diagnose, monitor or detect any abnormalities. In recent years, microwave imaging systems for medical applications have become a widely researched technique due to their potential to provide portable, safe, low-cost and non-ionising diagnostic tools. This Doctoral Thesis is focused on the development of three radar-based microwave medical imaging systems for different medical diagnostic applications, specifically the detection of the brain-shift effect, the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms and the quality assessment of intestinal anastomosis sutures by determining anastomotic leaks. The systems developed have been adapted to each of the applications in both hardware and software level. In the software part, time domain signal processing and medical imaging algorithms have been used to obtain a better interpretation of the results. Regarding the most important elements of the hardware part of the system, almost all the effort has been focused on the realisation of three different types of small-sized broadband printed monopole antennas adapted to the needs of the system and the application. The first radar-based microwave medical imaging system presented in this work shows a proof of concept for the detection of the brain-shift. This system uses 12 identical antennas for the transmission and reception of broadband signals towards the object under study. The antennas are broadband printed monopole type with coplanar feed and a stepped rectangular geometry, which are placed on a kind of helmet. This system is based on the estimation of variations in both the position and geometry of the brain to detect if there have been significant variations. The second system developed in this Thesis shows a proof of concept for the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms. This system uses 16 identical antennas that are placed on a methacrylate sheet on top of a torso model. The proposed antenna is a broadband printed monopole rectangular patch antenna with microstrip feed and two slots in the ground plane. This prototype has the capacity to generate images in a plane that allows the detection, localisation and easy visual identification of possible abdominal aortic aneurysms with a low error in their positioning. The last system proposed in this work focuses on the evaluation of the quality of intestinal anastomotic sutures by determining anastomotic leaks. The system is composed of two applicators and each one has four independent antennas. The antennas are broadband printed monopole type with microstrip feed, the geometry selected in this case is rectangular and has a transition between the feed line and the radiating patch. The applicators have been designed with different materials to focus the radiation towards the measurement area. A digital model of the applicators has been developed together with a model of the intestine in which the different phases and processes of the anastomosis have been analysed. Based on the results obtained, both in the time and frequency domain, it is concluded that the system allows the detection of the different phases of the anastomosis process, as well as a possible anastomotic leak.
Keywords/Subjects:
Sistemas RADAR
sistemas de imagen médica por microondas
antenas impresas de banda ancha
antenas embebidas
procesado de señal
algoritmos de imagen médica
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Ingeniería. Tecnología
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Appears in Collections:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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