Resumen :
Este estudio ha analizado la evolución temporal y las fuentes de carbono orgánico soluble en
agua (WSOC) en partículas submicrométricas en un emplazamiento urbano de Elche (España) a
lo largo del año 2021. Para tal fin se monitorizaron filtros de PM1 (N = 200) a partir de los cuales
se obtuvieron l... Ver más
This study has analysed the temporal evolution and sources of water-soluble organic carbon
(WSOC) in submicrometric particulate matter at an urban site in Elche (Spain) over the year
2021. For this purpose, PM1 filters (N = 200) were monitored and the following chemical
constituents were obtained: organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), WSOC,
levoglucosan, elemental analysis and main ions. The study was completed by analysing the mass
distribution of WSOC in the accumulation mode using size segregated measurements (0.25,
0.44, 1.0, 1.4 μm) obtained with a MOUDI cascade impactor. Simultaneously, the absorption and
scattering of solar radiation by the WSOC was characterised. From the results of the WSOC mass
distribution, the size with the highest absorption efficiency could also be obtained.
During the study period, traffic restrictions due to COVID-19 resulted in lower than expected
concentrations of PM1 and carbonaceous compounds. The annual average WSOC concentration
was 0.95 μg⋅m-3, with maximum values during the coldest months. The source analysis
determined three main sources of WSOC: biomass burning (BB-30.6%), dominant during the
coldest months, road traffic (RT-23.9%), presented as a rather stable source and the contribution
of a source related to secondary organic aerosol formation (SOA-33.8%), dominant during the
warmest period. Minority sources were mineral dust (MD-7.4%) and secondary nitrate (SN-
4.2%).
To determine the contribution of different sources to the light absorption of WSOC (σWSOC), the
values BrC, were previously obtained. The average contribution of BrC to the total aerosol
absorption was 29% at 370 nm, revealing a significant influence of BrC to the light absorption
in the study area. Assuming that the light absorption of BrC came from WSOC and WIOC, a multilinear
regression (MLR) model was used to estimate WSOC and WIOC. The mean values (SD)
were very similar for both components: WSOC,370=1.6 (0.7) Mm-1 and WIOC,370=1.9 (0.7) Mm-1.
Using the majority sources determined from WSOC together with again MLR analysis the
contribution of each of them was estimated. The results point to biomass burning as the
dominant source of WSOC during the cool season, with a contribution of 37%. Mineral dust and
secondary nitrate sources, which were not included in the model due to their low contribution
to the WSOC mass concentration, accounted for a significant percentage of WSOC during this
period. Secondary organic aerosol was the main source during the warm season (56%),
followed by traffic emissions (30%). Finally, one month (11 Jan 2021 to 11 Feb 2021) was
selected to explore differences in WSOC mass size distributions under different meteorological
conditions and to determine the most efficient size for light absorption by WSOC in the
accumulation mode. Significant differences in WSOC concentrations and ap, values were
observed during episodes of high atmospheric stability compared to non-event days. Increases
in WSOC concentrations during these episodes were most likely associated with photochemical
production of secondary compounds (in the condensation sub-mode) and water absorption (in
the droplet sub-mode). No significant increases in WSOC levels were detected during Saharan
dust events. WSOC measured at the smallest size cut-off (0.25 μm) was mainly emitted by
biomass burning (BB) and showed the highest light absorption efficiency.
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