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Análisis de resultados del uso de agonistas del receptor de la trombopoyetina en pacientes con PTI en las áreas de salud de Elda y Alicante.

Título :
Análisis de resultados del uso de agonistas del receptor de la trombopoyetina en pacientes con PTI en las áreas de salud de Elda y Alicante.
Autor :
Tárraga Ruiz, Antonio
Tutor:
Marco Vera, Pascual
Bernabéu Gutiérrez, Javier
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Medicina Clínica
Fecha de publicación:
2024-05-03
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35583
Resumen :
Introducción: La Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmune (PTI) es una enfermedad adquirida autoinmune que se suele manifestar con sangrado cutáneo-mucoso asociado a trombocitopenia por destrucción y producción insuficiente plaquetaria. La forma crónica constituye una de las principales causas de trombocito...  Ver más
Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease that usually manifests with cutaneous-mucosal bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia due to platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production. The chronic form is one of the main causes of thrombocytopenia in adults, with an incidence of 1-6 cases/100,000 adults/year. The diagnosis is one of exclusion and it is crucial to differentiate primary from secondary ITP, as it may benefit from specific treatment. Hemorrhagic risk and platelet count determine treatment, with emergency treatment being important in the event of critical bleeding and control of platelet count in all cases. The main first-line treatment is glucocorticoids, but corticoresistance and corticodependence make it necessary to switch to another line of treatment. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA) are the second-line treatment of choice and the three existing options (Romiplostin, Eltrombopag and Avatrombopag) have shown efficacy with response in >80% of cases and an acceptable safety profile, although there is a small increase in thromboembolic risk. Material and methods: the main objective of this study is to evaluate the response to TPO-RA in patients refractory to first-line therapy with glucocorticoids or in relapse. For this purpose, a retrospective observational study was carried out to analyze the follow-up of patients with ITP who started treatment with thrombopoietin receptor agonists in the health areas of Alicante and Elda in the last 5 years. Data were extracted on response to glucocorticoids and TPO-RA as well as to each TPO-RA individually using the response definitions adopted by Grupo Español de trabajo en PTI (GEPTI) in 2023. Adverse reactions to the latter were also recorded. Results: 30 ITP patients were included, with a median age of 57.5 years (40 - 75.25), mostly female with 22 patients (73.33%). The median platelet count at diagnosis was 10,500/mL (4,250 – 25,750) and the most frequent hemorrhagic symptoms were hematomas or ecchymosis. In first line with glucocorticoids, response was achieved in 27 patients (90%), of which 22 were complete (73.33%). The median time to achieve response to glucocorticoids was 5 days (3 - 6.5). In second line, TPO-RA was used on 45 occasions, since there were patients who tried several options. Overall response was obtained on 41 occasions (91.11%), of which 33 were complete (73.33%) with a median response time of 14 days (7 - 15) showing refractoriness on 7 occasions (17.07%). Romiplostin obtained response in 8 of 9 patients (88.9%), eltrombopag in 20 of 23 (86.95%) and avatrombopag in the 13 patients in whom it was used (100%). On the other hand, significantly lower values were found in the variable of response time measured in days in the treatment with avatrombopag (7.0 [7.0-7.0]) compared to eltrombopag (14.5 [9.5-22.0] (p<0.01). Overall the most frequent adverse reaction was thrombocytosis with 15 events (36.86%), followed by urticaria with 6 events (14.34%) and asthenia with 5 events (12.2%). Conclusions: Despite the limitations of the study due to its small sample size due to its strict exclusion criteria it yields results that are in line with the studies performed with these drugs and that have placed them as first line treatment options in first line (glucocorticoids) and second line (TPO-RA). As well as the results of good response to the drugs, an acceptable safety profile was also shown, in which special attention should be paid to thromboembolic risk and dose adjustment. As an aspect to be studied in the future, the possible superiority of avatrombopag with respect to the other TPO-RA should be highlighted.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmune
glucocorticoides
agonistas del receptor de la trombopoyetina
recuento plaquetario
reacciones adversas
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFG- Medicina



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.