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Desnutrición en Medicina Interna a través de medidas antropométricas


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Título :
Desnutrición en Medicina Interna a través de medidas antropométricas
Autor :
González Martínez, Elena
Tutor:
Seguí-Ripoll, José Miguel  
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Medicina Clínica
Fecha de publicación:
2024-05-04
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/34036
Resumen :
Desnutrición En Medicina Interna A Través De Medidas Antropométricas Introducción: La desnutrición es un trastorno de la composición corporal que se manifiesta con un exceso de agua extracelular, hipopotasemia y déficit de masa muscular a menudo acompañada por una disminución del tejido graso e hip...  Ver más
Malnutrition in Internal Medicine Through Anthropometric Measures Introduction: Malnutrition is a disorder of body composition characterized by an excess of extracellular water, hypokalemia, and deficits in muscle mass often accompanied by a decrease in adipose tissue and hypoalbuminemia, which interferes with the host's normal response to illness and treatment. It is a global health problem that particularly affects hospitalized patients, those with chronic diseases, and institutionalized individuals, associated with various causes that may alter metabolism, hormonal balance, immune system activity, and the function of various organs. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to assess the nutritional status of patients admitted to the Internal Medicine service of San Juan University Hospital through the analysis of clinical characteristics, anthropometric measures (weight, height, calf circumference, brachial circumference, and dynamometry), and analytical parameters. As a secondary objective, determining frailty and the degree of sarcopenia during admission is proposed. Hypothesis: Hospital admission and stay entail a variation in nutritional status that will be reflected in changes in anthropometric measures. Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and open study in which a total of 24 patients (meeting inclusion criteria) were recruited between October 20, 2023, and November 20, 2023, according to admission order. Data collection was based on direct interviews with patients. Bibliographic search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases, and statistical analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS v22 program. Results: We recruited 24 patients, 12 (50%) males and 12 females (50%), with a median age of 87 years. The mean weight was 73kg (SD=13.48) with a 95% CI of 67.61 to 78.39kg, and height was 163cm (SD=7.36) with a 95% CI of 160.05 to 165.94cm. Regarding BMI, the mean was 27.20 kg/m2 (SD=6.54), 95% CI of 24.59 to 29.82 kg/m2. The mean calf circumference was 30.8cm (SD=6.42) with a 95% CI of 27.93 to 33.07cm, brachial circumference was 27.12cm (SD=6.98) and 95% CI of 22.71 to 28.29cm, and dynamometry was 13kg (SD 9.67) with a 95% CI of 9.13 to 16.87kg. Dynapenia was observed upon admission in 91.7% of patients, with this percentage being 100% in those with BMI ≥ 30 (Pearson's χ2 4.415; p=0.621). 41.7% presented malnutrition (MNA-SF) and 37.5% sarcopenia (Pearson's χ2 0.993; p=0.911). The risk of malnutrition was moderate-severe (CONUT) in 55.5% of patients with BMI<25, 37.5% with BMI25-29, and 57.14% with BMI>30 (Pearson's χ2 4.415; p=0.621). 54.2% of patients presented frailty (FRAIL scale): 55.6% in the BMI<25 group, 50% in the BMI25-29 group, and 57.1% in the BMI≥30 group (Pearson's χ2 0.088; p=0.0957). 62% had a high risk of sarcopenia (SARC-F); 85% of them with BMI≥30. Conclusion: There is a tendency towards malnutrition in patients admitted to Internal Medicine during the first 24-48 hours of admission, reflected in the study variables (MNA-SF, weight, height, brachial circumference, calf circumference, dynamometry, CONUT index, Charlson index, PROFUND, SARC-F, FRAIL, swallowing difficulty, and cognitive impairment). Additionally, there is a growing trend towards malnutrition in obese patients.
Palabras clave/Materias:
malnutrición
estado nutricional
medicina interna
sarcopenia
obesidad sarcopénica
índice de masa corporal
antropometría
dinamometría
malnutrition
nutritional status
internal medicine
sarcopenic obesity
body mass index
anthropometry
dynamometry
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFG- Medicina



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