Abstract:
La retroalimentación contextualizada o feedback en el contexto educativo puede ser directa (RCD, indica el error y da la solución) o indirecta (RCI, indica el error, pero no la solución), pudiendo ser proporcionada por distintos agentes como el docente, los pares (varios alumnos) o el propio estudi... Ver más
Contextualized feedback in the educational context can be direct (DCF, indicating the error and providing the solution) or indirect (ICF, indicating the error but not the solution). It can be provided by different agents, such as the teacher, peers (several students), or the student him/herself. The aim of this review was to analyze if the feedback in the educational field is an effective learning technique for adolescents, identifying the advantages/disadvantages of DCF and ICF and of their various providers, as well as attempting to explore its neurobiological scientific basis. Articles published between January 2019 and March 2024 were searched in various databases (ERIC, PsycInfo, PubMed, SCOPUS), using relevant keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The publications found were scarce, 7 in total, mainly conducted in Asian countries and focused on foreign language learning. From all the analyzed studies, it can be concluded that feedback increases active participation, and behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement of adolescents, although it generally decreases their cognitive effort. ICF is more useful for improving grammatical accuracy, and DCF for tasks that require greater effort. All provider agents are effective in giving feedback, although students perceive that it is better when it is provided by teachers or peers. No articles were found about the neurobiological basis of this process. More studies would be necessary in our educational context, in other types of learning, and on its neurobiological basis.
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