Abstract:
El cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte en todo el mundo. Se estimó una incidencia de
alrededor de 20 millones de casos durante el año 2022 y se prevé un incremento del 76% para el año
2050. Por ello, surge la necesidad de encontrar nuevas dianas terapéuticas que permitan mejorar su
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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. An incidence of around 20 million cases was
estimated for the year 2022 and an increase of 76% is predicted for the year 2050. Therefore, the need
to find new therapeutic targets arises to improve its diagnosis and treatment, especially in the most
aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which has a median survival of about 15
months after diagnosis.
This work was focused on the evaluation of a list of genes related to patient survival, obtained from
different public databases, as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. For this purpose,
a transcriptomic analysis was performed with 142 samples from patients suffering from some type of
central nervous system tumor. As a result, 13 potential molecular biomarkers and/or therapeutic
targets for GBM were identified.
Subsequently, three potential therapeutic targets, PTX3, GPR126 and CDK5, were evaluated in GBM
cell lines (HGUE-GB-16, HGUE-GB-18 and HGUE-GB-48). To this end, the silencing of these genes, both
individually and in combination with carmustine (BCNU), was analyzed using small interfering RNAs
(siRNA). In addition, the effect of the chemical inhibitors CP-681301 and H89, individually and in
combination with BCNU, was evaluated to see whether they mimicked the effect of CDK5 and GPR126
silencing, respectively. Finally, RTq-PCR assays were performed to determine whether there is crossregulation
between these genes and others involved in the response to hypoxia, angiogenesis and
resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy.
Results obtained in experimental trials showed that PTX3, GPR126 and CDK5 are involved in several
tumor processes such as cell proliferation, development of radiotherapy resistance, angiogenesis and
response to hypoxia. The combination of GPR126 silencing with BCNU resulted in a slight protection
of this drug, while CDK5 silencing in combination with this DNA alkylating agent revealed a potentiation
of its effect on the HGUE-GB-16 cell line (resistant to BCNU). On the other hand, the effect observed
for both inhibitors on the expression of the genes studied is not comparable to that of silencing,
displaying nonspecific effects.
In conclusion, PTX3, GPR126 and CDK5 may constitute potential molecular biomarkers and therapeutic
targets for GBM.
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