Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31544

Construcción y validación de un modelo de predicción de riesgo del Trastorno por Consumo de Opioides de Prescripción: impacto farmacogenético y del sexo


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Title:
Construcción y validación de un modelo de predicción de riesgo del Trastorno por Consumo de Opioides de Prescripción: impacto farmacogenético y del sexo
Authors:
Escorial García, Mónica
Tutor:
Peiró, María  
Muriel, Javier  
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Farmacología, Pediatría y Química Orgánica
Issue Date:
2023
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31544
Abstract:
Introducción: El Dolor Crónico No Oncológico (DCNO) supone un gran impacto en la calidad de vida, siendo la principal causa de uso de opioides. Dos de cada tres personas que lo padecen son mujeres. Es cierto que se han producido esfuerzos en innovación y desarrollo para mejorar el perfil de segurid...  Ver más
Introduction: Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (CNCP) has a major impact on quality of life, being the leading cause of opioid use. Here, two out of three sufferers are women. There have been efforts in innovation and development to improve the safety profile of opioids. However, Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a prevalent pathology that requires individualized therapeutic programmes (ITP) of deprescription to prevent Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (OWS). Even more, when the evidence is providing that pharmacogenetic markers can be implemented for pain management. Objective: To analyse the individual factors, in OUD cases, involved in the long-term effectiveness and safety of an opioid deprescription, focusing on the pharmacogenetics impact and sex-differences as a basis for developing and validating an OUD predictive model. Methodology: Three different studies were conducted at the Pain Unit on CNCP outpatients who had developed an OUD: Project 1: Retrospective study of the long-term effectiveness and safety of an opioid deprescribing ITP (n=119) with a pharmacogenetic analysis (μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) and CYP2D6 enzyme genes) and subanalysis by sex; Project 2: Prospective study of the CYP2D6 phenotype impact (poor, extensive or ultrarapid metabolizer) on the opioid deprescribing ITP outcomes (n=138); Project 3: Development and validation of an OUD predictive model (n=229), analysing differences by sex. Results: The ITP was effective at long term in 49% of cases, achieving a greater pain relief and lower AEs. Here, women showed a higher level of deprescription with a higher number of AEs than men. Poor metabolizers had a significantly greater reduction of opioid dose, while ultrarapid metabolizers had a higher number of AEs and OWS, which were also inversely correlated with quality of life. The adjusted OUD predictive model comprised 5 well-known risk factors (young age, poor employment status and high daily opioid dose) and provided new useful information of other risk factors (low quality of life, OPRM1 mutant allele and extreme CYP2D6 phenotypes). Validation showed favourable sensitivity and specificity results and acceptable discrimination and goodness-of-fit. Conclusions: The ITP was effective at long term in half of the cases with interindividual differences in relation to pharmacogenetic markers and sex. The predictive model proposed could help to identify patients who are more vulnerable to develop OUD.
Notes:
Programa de Doctorado en Bioingeniería
Keywords/Subjects:
Farmacología
Genética humana
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina: Farmacología. Terapéutica. Toxicología. Radiología
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Appears in Collections:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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