Factores psicosociales relacionados con el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes españoles

Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio ex post facto fue analizar la relación entre variables de personalidad, ansiedad social, conducta prosocial, conducta antisocial y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la adolescencia. La muestra se compuso de 352 estudiantes de 2º a 4º de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. Los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson mostraron que el consumo de tabaco correlacionó positiva y significativamente con las puntuaciones en conducta antisocial, extraversión y neuroticismo, mientras que el consumo de alcohol correlacionó positiva y significativamente con las puntuaciones de psicoticismo, extraversión y conducta antisocial. El análisis de regresión logística reveló que los predictores del consumo de tabaco fueron las puntuaciones en conducta antisocial (OR = 1,03; IC 95% = 1,01–1,05), extraversión (OR = 1,11; IC 95% = 1,02– 1,21) y neuroticismo (OR = 1,07; IC 95% = 1,01–1,13), mientras que los predictores del consumo de alcohol fueron las puntuaciones en conducta antisocial (OR = 1,04; IC 95% = 1,02–1,07) y extraversión (OR = 1,12; IC 95% = 1,03–1,24).

The aim of this ex post facto study was to analyse the relationship between personality variables, social anxiety, prosocial behaviour, antisocial behaviour, and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol in adolescence. A sample of 352 students from Grades 8-10 was recruited. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the consumption of tobacco correlated positively and statistically significantly with the scores in antisocial behaviour, extraversion and neuroticism, while the consumption of alcohol correlated positively and statistically significantly with the scores in psychoticism, extraversion and antisocial behaviour. Logistic regression analysis revealed that scores in antisocial behaviour (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.05), extraversion (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.02-1.21), and neuroticism (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01-1.13) were the predictors of the consumption of tobacco, while the scores in antisocial behaviour (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02-1.07) and neuroticism (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.03-1.24) were the predictors of the consumption of alcohol.