Resumen :
INTRODUCCIÓN: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia entre la población española, que deriva en estancias hospitalarias prolongadas, reingresos y una alta tasa de mortalidad por esta causa. Con el fin de reducir estas consecuencias así como de sistematizar el diagnóst... Ver más
INTRODUCTION: Heart failure is a high prevalence disease in Spanish population, which results in prolonged stays in hospital, readmissions and a high mortality rate. So as to reduce these consequences as well as to systematize the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with heart failure, heart failure units were developed.
Since December 2019, Elda’s Health Department has a Heart Failure Unit accredited by the “SEC-Excelente” program of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, which has dealt with more than 80 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
The purpose of this study is to quantify the cumulative incidence of events (cumulative incidence of readmissions and mortality) in the population included in this unit during a 12 month follow-up, as well as the clinical characteristics of population included in this unit, the factors related to these events, the causes of mortality cardiovascular (CV) and non-cardiovascular(NoCV) and the factors related to the aetiology of heart failure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal descriptive observational population-based study of incidence was designed, with prospective data compilation. Patients included in the Heart Failure Unit of Elda’s Health Department were selected, following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were obtained following the recommendations of the guidelines for unified European registries on the evaluation of heart care and clinical trials. In order to analyze them, the SPSS computer program was used.
RESULTS: 84 patients were treated in the unit. A total amount of 16 events was registered (19% of patients treated; [CI 95% (10.6 −27.4)]). Of these, 11 patients (13.1%; [CI 95% ( 5.9%−20.3%)]) were HF readmissions. Among them, 4 (36.3% of HF readmissions; [CI 95% (0.08% al 0.65%)]) were discharged, 3 (27% of HF readmissions; [CI 95% (0.01%−0.54%)]) eventually died of a CV cause, 4 died of a NoCV cause (36.3% of HF readmissions; [CI 95% (0.08%−0.65%)]). Among the 5 patients who were not readmitted, there were 2 deaths as a result of a CV cause (2.38% of HF readmissions; [CI 95% (0−5.64)]), both due to ventricular fibrillation. The remaining 3 deaths were due to a NoCV cause (3.6% of patients treated; [CI 95% (0−7.57)]). A mortality rate of 14% was obtained, most due to NoCV causes (58,3%; [CI 95% (30.4−86.19)]). The multivariate analysis with sex, age and atrial fibrillation was highly significant, with an AUC of 0.65 [CI 95% (0.533−0.767)]). In this model, the only significant variable was atrial fibrillation (P=0.023; OR=4.3 [CI OR 95% (1.226−15.05)]).
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 out of 5 patients had an event during follow-up, which was either HF readmission or CV or NoCV death. 1 out of 7 died, mostly of a NoCV cause. Atrial fibrillation was the only factor associated with the presence or absence of the event. The multivariate model obtained with the variables sex, age and atrial fibrillation showed a moderate-low discriminative capacity.
|