Abstract:
INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer colorrectal es el primer tipo de cáncer más diagnosticado en
España, asociando hasta en un 35% de los casos, un componente familiar. Múltiples estudios
sugieren que esta asociación varía según el número de parientes afectos, su edad al diagnóstico
y el grado de parentesco... Ver más
INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Spain, with up to
35% of cases having a familial component. Multiple studies suggest that this association varies
depending on the number of affected relatives, their age at diagnosis and degree of relatedness.
Based on this, a series of screening recommendations have been proposed that appear to
reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer.
MAIN OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of colorectal cancer found in individuals with a
family history of colorectal cancer followed at the Dr. Balmis University Hospital and compare it
with that of the general population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational and retrospective study was conducted, including
all individuals in follow up in the digestive tumors consultory prevention between 2005 and
2022, with a first-degree relative with CRC before the age of 50 or at least 2 relatives with CRC,
one of whom is a first-degree relative. To compare it, it was also included individuals with Lynch
syndrome. The diagnostic yield of the screening program was estimated by calculating
standardized incidence rate of CRC in these individuals compared to the general population.
Adherence and adequacy to the program, as well as endoscopic and histological findings, were
also described.
RESULTS: The population in familial risk of CCR consisted of 251 individuals, 54,2% of whom
were women, with a mean age at inclusion of 49 years. The 72 individuals with Lynch syndrome,
of whom the 58,3% were women, presented a mean age of 47 years at inclusion. A lower
incidence of CRC than expected (SIR 0.43, IC95% 0.12-1.09) was observed in the population at
familial risk of CRC, while individuals followed for Lynch syndrome had a higher incidence (SIR
7.45, IC95% 4.55-11.51). A total of 338 polyps were found in the 425 colonoscopies performed,
with a majority of adenomas (83,18%) compared to serrated polyps (10,65%). Individuals with 2 or more affected first-degree relatives had a higher risk of presenting advanced adenomas (RR
3.16, IC95% 1.08–9.21) and advanced colonic lesions (RR 2.59, IC95% 1.08 – 6.23) than those
with at least 1 first-degree relative diagnosed before the age of 50. Adherence to the program
was 51,8%, with men being proportionally more adherent (p=0,169). The colonoscopy interval
was correctly performed in 63% of individuals, without differences between groups (p=0,367).
The post-polypectomy follow-up was correctly performed in 63% of individuals, with a tendency
toward over-surveillance.
CONCLUSIONS: The population at familial risk of CRC has a lower risk than expected, which is
not significant, in contrast to current evidence. However, individuals with Lynch syndrome do
have a higher risk. Individuals with two or more affected first-degree relatives have a threefold
higher risk of developing advanced adenomas and advanced colonic lesions, and promoting their
adherence is essential.
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