Resumen :
Objetivos: Existe escasa información acerca de la influencia del síndrome de COVID
persistente o long-COVID en el grado de actividad física y en el desarrollo de
fragilidad a largo plazo de los pacientes hospitalizados por infección grave por
SARS-CoV-2. Nuestro objetivo principal fue analizar el n... Ver más
Objectives: There is little information about the influence of persistent or long-
COVID COVID syndrome on the degree of physical activity and the development of
long-term fragility in patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our
main objective was to analyze the level of physical activity and the degree of longterm
fragility presented by long-COVID-diagnosed patients and compare it with
patients with similar characteristics recovered and asymptomatic after admission.
Methods: A transversal study was conducted in follow-up patients in post-COVID
consultation, who were admitted to the General University Hospital of Elche for
COVID-19. Among all follow-up patients, a group of patients diagnosed with
persistent COVID was randomly selected and compared with another group of
asymptomatic patients with similar characteristics, matched by age, sex,
comorbility and severity of Covid-19 by Propensity Score. To evaluate the
persistence of symptoms, a telematic visit was scheduled at the 3 months of the
discharge, where patients were contacted to assess the persistance and intensity of
general, neuropsychiatric, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms through
clinical interview and clinical history review, evaluating the intensity in mild,
moderate or severe symptoms.
Persistent COVID or long-COVID was defined according to WHO criteria, as the
persistence of symptoms beyond 3 months, with a duration of at least 2 months and
without an alternative cause, after an infection with SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate
physical activity, the validated Y-PAS questionnaire was used, obtaining the level of
physical activity and energy expenditure, and two scales were used for the degree
of fragility, the Frail scale and the Fried scale Results: 262 patients from the post-COVID consultation were included, 131 with
long-Covid diagnosis and another 131 asymptomatic, with complete recovery. Of
the persistent COVID group, 104 (79.4%) completed physical activity and fragility
surveys, and 90 (68.7%) did so in the asymptomatic group. The most frequent and
most intense symptoms in the long-COVID group were general and respiratory
followed by neuropsychiatric.
Patients in the persistent COVID group had higher energy expenditure (median
energy spending 4637,69 kcal/week in the recovering group versus 6472,09 kcal /
week in the long-COVID Group [p 0.006]), however, no statistically significant
differences were observed in the overall index of physical activity between the two
groups. As for the development of fragility, significant differences were observed,
with higher levels of frailty and prefragility in the long-COVID group versus the
recovered patient group (Frail scale of 12% of fragile patients in the persistent
COVID Group versus 9% in the recovery patient group [p 0.031]; Fried scale: 39%
of Fragile Patients in the Long-Covid group vs 26% in recovering patients [p 0,039]).
Conclusions: An appreciable proportion of patients diagnosed with long-COVID
present phenotypes of long-term prefragility and fragility, with a higher level of
energy expenditure. No association has been observed between the overall index of
physical activity and the diagnosis of long-COVID
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