Abstract:
Introducción: La enfermedad de von Recklinghausen, también denominada neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1), es el síndrome neurocutáneo más frecuente. Clásicamente, se ha asociado a la presencia de manchas café con leche, neurofibromas, efélides axilares e inguinales, gliomas ópticas, nódulos de Lisch, a... Ver más
Introduction: Von Recklinghausen’s disease, or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome. Classically, it has been associated with the presence of café-au-lait macules, neurofibromas, freckling in axilla or groin, optic gliomas, Lisch nodules, skeletal disorders, and a higher risk of developing tumours. Yet, its early diagnosis in paediatric age is limited due to little clinical expressivity. Hence, our main objective is to understand the features of the local paediatric population with NF1 and asses the relevance that several variables have in NF1’s diagnosis.
Material and methods: An observational and retrospective study was conducted in patients under 14 years of age diagnosed with NF1 and followed by the Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis of Alicante along the last 22 years. Epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical data were collected.
Results: A total of 22 patients were selected. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.9 ± 3.1 years. The met diagnostic criteria were as follows: 100% café-au-le macules, 59.1% freckling in axilla and/or groin, 45.4% cutaneous neurofibromas, 27.3% plexiform neurofibromas, 36.4% optic gliomas, 22.7% Lisch nodules and 13.6% skeletal disorders. 22.7% patients had family history of NF1 and in 54.5% genetic tests were conducted. Both family history of NF1 (p = 0.009) and café-au-le macules (p = 0.002) show statistical significance to achieve an early diagnosis, but freckling (p = 0.11) and genetic test (p = 0.32) did not.
Conclusions: Our cohort data seems to be similar to those published in scientific literature. We suggest that the inclusion of new dermatological diagnostic criteria may be helpful to facilitate an early diagnosis of NF1 in paediatric population.
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