Resumen :
Diversos estudios a lo largo del mundo estiman una prevalencia del dolor crónico en torno a
un tercio de la población. En nuestro país su coste anual se ha llegado a estimar en torno al 2 y
2,8% del PIB. Asimismo, se asocia frecuentemente con problemas de salud mental común
(sintomatología mixta), ... Ver más
Several studies throughout the world estimate a prevalence of chronic pain around a third of
the population. In our country, its annual cost has been estimated at between 2 and 2.8% of
GDP. It is also frequently associated with common mental health problems (mixed
symptomatology), opioid abuse, and suicide. In this context, the subjective nature of the
experience and the influence of psychological factors on pain modulation opened the door to a
psychological approach as coadjuvant therapy. Currently, the well-established treatment in this
field is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), although previous literature highlights the role
of Mindfulness-based interventions. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the efficacy of
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Pain (MBCT-CP) through a multicenter
study, to subsequently analyze the differential efficacy with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
(CBT). Likewise, as a previous step, a systematic review of the differential efficacy studies
was carried out, considering these two therapies, and observing the differences between the
main medical conditions that involved chronic pain. For this, 3 studies are developed. Study
1. A systematic review of studies comparing CBT and mindfulness interventions,
differentiating between studies with people with fibromyalgia, low back pain, and tension
headache/migraine, from those studies that only indicate chronic pain not otherwise specified.
Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (fibromyalgia, n = 5; low back pain, n = 5;
headache/migraine, n = 4; unspecified chronic pain, n = 4). In fibromyalgia, mindfulness-based
stress reduction therapy (MBSR) was superior to treatment as usual and Fibroqol in impact and
symptomatology. In low back pain, MBSR was superior to usual treatment, but not to CBT, in
physical functionality and pain intensity. No studies of differential efficacy between
mindfulness and CBT in headache and unspecified chronic pain were found, but mindfulness
interventions were superior to usual treatment in these syndromes. It was concluded that
mindfulness interventions are superior to usual treatment in all diagnoses, but it is not possible to conclude their superiority over CBT. There are few comparisons between mindfulness
interventions, with MBSR being the most studied. In central sensitization syndromes, variables
associated with pain tend to improve. Study 2. Quasi-experimental design of repeated pre-post
measures of a multicenter nature (n=57), in three hospitals in the province of Alicante in which
MBCT-CP is applied. Repeated-measures t-test indicated significant differences in presentmoment
intensity, mental quality of life, and depression, as well as in self-efficacy (mean effect
sizes). A significant improvement in sleep problems and amount was also seen (large effect
size). The therapy is significant in reducing pain and associated symptoms in patients with
chronic pain, although its long-term maintenance needs to be investigated. Study 3. The
objective of this study is to evaluate the differential efficacy between Mindfulness-Based
Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Pain (MCBT-CP) and CBT. A quasi-experimental design of
repeated measures was carried out with pre-post (n=57) and non-equivalent control group
(n=105) from a previous cohort to which CBT had been applied. The T-test revealed significant
improvements common to both groups, although differentially, quality of life improved
significantly in the MBCT-CP group, while the amount, adequacy and the "optimal" variable
of sleep improved more in the CBT group. Despite the variables in common that improved, a
slight tendency to find large effect sizes was observed for the TCBM-DC group. Likewise, it
was concluded that CBT was related to the improvement of variables related to sleep, while
MBCT-CP was associated with improvement in pain and quality of life.
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