Título : Medicamentos apropiados para pediatría. Utilización de un sistema de clasificación biofarmaceútica pediátrico provisional como herramienta de decisión |
Autor : Del Moral Sánchez, José Manuel |
Tutor: González Álvarez, María Isabel Bermejo Sanz, María del Val |
Editor : Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche |
Departamento: Departamentos de la UMH::Bioquímica y Biología Molecular |
Fecha de publicación: 2021-04-22 |
URI : https://hdl.handle.net/11000/27479 |
Resumen :
Tradicionalmente, la población pediátrica se ha considerado huérfana en cuanto a disponibilidad de medicamentos orales apropiados que permitan flexibilidad en su dosificación y que sean palatables y seguros para el niño. Las herramientas biofarmacéuticas que actualmente se utilizan en el desarrollo... Ver más
Traditionally, pediatric population has been considered as orphan in terms of availability of age-appropriate oral medicines that allow flexibility in dosage, and that are palatable and safe for children. The biopharmaceutical tools currently used in the development of oral medicines are implemented for the characteristics of adults, and extrapolation to children is not justified due to the large differences that exist, especially with respect to neonates and infants under six months. In order to make progress on pediatric biopharmacy, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the ontogeny of the absorption processes and the physiological differences between the different pediatric subpopulations, and with respect to adults.
Due to the lack of specific formulations, the pediatric patient has been typically treated with commercial liquid forms or with adult medicines manipulated or reformulated to be administered. Despite this, and thanks to great efforts on the part of the regulatory agencies, in recent years there has been an increase in the commercialization of innovative pharmaceutical forms that meet the needs of pediatrics. The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was one of the great milestones of biopharmacy in the twentieth century and has become one of the fundamental tools in the development of medicines. This tool is designed for adults and does not allow its extrapolation to children, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of factors during growth, such as the characteristics of gastrointestinal fluids that could affect the parameters of solubility and intestinal permeability of the drug administered. Taking into account that the characteristics of the pediatric population differ according to their age range, it is necessary to design classifications of solubility and permeability according to growth, obtaining in this way classifications by age groups or subpopulations.
For this reason, the objective of this Doctoral Thesis project is focused on studying the current state of drug development for pediatrics. For this purpose, the study of the current situation of pediatric pharmacotherapy is approached, exploring the commercial availability of age-appropriate medicines; proposing a Pediatric Biopharmaceutical Classification System for the design and assessment of medicines; and characterizing the changes in permeability of different drugs with the modification of the osmolarity of their formulations.
In this Doctoral Thesis, a provisional Pediatric Biopharmaceutical Classification System (pBCS) has been designed and the 143 oral drugs included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines for Pediatrics have been classified according to it. In addition, the results have been compared with the adult classification, identifying the drugs that suffer unfavorable changes with respect to this one. In light of the results obtained, it can be deduced that developing a validated pBCS would facilitate the development of age-appropriate medicines and increase therapeutic efficacy and safety. The unfavorable changes could have an effect on the oral bioavailability of drugs, so the effect of excipients in formulations has been explored, focusing on the osmolarity of oral liquid forms for pediatrics. An increase in permeability has been observed that is inversely proportional to the osmolarity of the formulation administered, an effect that can compromise safety of drugs where it is not advisable to modify their oral absorbed fraction or those with a narrow therapeutic range.
The results obtained provide an overview of the need for an increase in commercial age-appropriate medicines and formulation strategies in pediatrics, and highlight the importance of having a validated pBCS. This would reduce the need to formulate from adult medications with different osmolarities that can compromise bioavailability
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Palabras clave/Materias: Pediatría Fármacos |
Área de conocimiento : CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología: Bioquímica. Biología molecular. Biofísica |
Tipo de documento : info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
Derechos de acceso: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
Aparece en las colecciones: Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías
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