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Epidemiología, agentes causales y perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana a la antibioterapia empírica en la infección del tracto urinario en la población infantil


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Título :
Epidemiología, agentes causales y perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana a la antibioterapia empírica en la infección del tracto urinario en la población infantil
Autor :
Antón Blasco, José Antonio
Tutor:
Izquierdo Fos, Ignacio
Padilla Urrea, Sergio
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Medicina Clínica
Fecha de publicación:
2019-07-11
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/27425
Resumen :
INTRODUCCIÓN: La susceptibilidad de los patógenos causantes de ITU en la población pediátrica a la antibioterapia empírica utilizada ha ido disminuyendo de forma progresiva y por ello, resultará clave conocer las tasas de resistencia locales de los uropatógenos más frecuentes. Con ello, se podrá es...  Ver más
INTRODUCTION: The susceptibility of UTI-causing pathogens in the paediatric population to the empirical antibiotic therapy has been progressively decreasing and, therefore, it is key to know the local resistance rates of the most frequent uropathogens. This will enable the establishment of an empirical antibiotic therapy regimen appropriate to the characteristics of the local population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of resistance to the main antibiotics (gentamicin and cefotaxime) used as empirical treatment of UTI with criteria. In addition, the secondary objectives are to know the risk factors associated with this resistance in order to establish modifications in the therapeutic protocol, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the affected patients and to describe the germs involved in the etiopathogenesis of the UTI in our population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study of a cohort of paediatric age patients admitted to the Paediatric Service by UTI between January 2015 and October 2018. A review of the Clinical History of the 151 patients included was carried out and the variables to be studied were collected and subsequently analysed in order to meet the objectives described. RESULTS: The UTIs make up 10% of the admissions to the Paediatric Service and in 64.2% of the cases they are caused by Escherichia coli, highlighting the existence of a high percentage of ESBL (4.6%). Gentamicin was the antibiotherapy used in 56.5% of the cases, objectifying that 15.15% of the germs isolated in the urine culture were resistant to it. The main associated risk factors were: the diagnosis of renal malformation (RR 2'98, 95%CI [1'10-8'05]), admission in the previous six months (RR 11'48, 95%CI [3'16-41'68]), the existence of previous UTI (RR 3'45, 95%CI [1'30-9'64]) and taking antibiotic prophylaxis (RR 4'66, 95%CI [1'62-13'4]). Cefotaxime has lower rates of resistance as empirical antibiotic therapy in the general population (7'69%), although it is associated with the same risk factors as gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS: Based on local antimicrobial resistance profiles, gentamicin appears to be an inappropriate choice as an initial empirical treatment in our population. Cefotaxime could be a good option in the population without risk factors, while in case of renal malformation and/or pathological history it would be convenient to administer an antibiotherapy with which these factors do not present a significant association. In case of suspicion and risk factors of ESBL, according to local resistance profiles, piperaziline-tazobactam and carbapenems seem to be an adequate empirical antibiotherapy.
Palabras clave/Materias:
infección orina
pediatría
gentamicina
urinary tract infection
pediatry
gentamicin
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFM-M.U Enfermedades Infecciosas y Salud Internacional



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