Por favor, use este identificador para citar o enlazar este ítem: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/26424

Deprescripción en pacientes con dependencia inducida a opioides: efectividad a largo plazo y validación de marcadores genéticos


Vista previa

Ver/Abrir:
 TFM - MONICA ESCORIAL GARCIA.pdf

2,05 MB
Adobe PDF
Compartir:
Título :
Deprescripción en pacientes con dependencia inducida a opioides: efectividad a largo plazo y validación de marcadores genéticos
Autor :
Escorial García, Mónica
Tutor:
Peiró, Ana  
Muriel Serrano, Javier
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Biología Aplicada
Fecha de publicación:
2020-07-14
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/26424
Resumen :
Introducción: Los pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico (DCNO) que desarrollan dependencia iatrogénica a opioides de prescripción (DOP), en la Unidad del Dolor (UDO), se someten de forma ambulatoria a un plan terapéutico individualizado (PTI) desde hace más de 5 años. Este programa contó con un...  Ver más
Introduction: Patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) with iatrogenic induced opioid dependence (IOD) in the Pain Unit (PU) are subjected to an individual therapeutic protocol (ITP) more than 5 years ago. This program counted with an average of 70% of responders in the short-term. Additionally, the OPRM1 genotype influenced the effectiveness and safety of the analgesic response, suggesting a possible influence of sex. However, the long-term effectiveness and safety of ITP is still unknown. Objectives: To characterize the patterns of response to ITP in the long-term (≥24 months) in patients with IOD, analyzing possible associations with the genetic variants involved in the pharmacological response of opioid analgesics. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional study in patients with IOD who went through the ITP and were characterized as responders (yes/no). Sociodemographic data (age, sex) as well as clinical (pain intensity and relief, quality of life, functionality, adverse events (AEs) and suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs)) and pharmacological data (opioid prescription (yes/no), equivalent daily dose of morphine (DDEM), type of analgesic or concomitant medication, among others) were collected. Likewise, a pharmacogenetic study of the variants of the OPRM1 gene (rs1799971, A118G) and CYP2D6 phenotype was performed; and also sex differences were analyzed. Results: The long-term response persisted in the 51% of the included patients, with a decrease in the opioid prescription (24%, p-value<0.001) since the final visit of ITP. This reduction was greater in women, who reduced their DDEM by 57% more than men. This was achieved without significant changes in the clinical situation, where 34% have mild pain (29 ± 33 mm) and 16% are discharged from the hospital. Among patients who continue in the PU, there was an increase in the number of AEs (2, p-value<0.001) but a lower number of reported ADRs (8%, p-value=0.049), especially in men. The OPRM1-AG genotype was associated with a larger use of tramadol (29%, p-value=0.017) and suspicions of ADRs (12%, p-value=0.036), in the long-term. On the other hand, CYP2D6 ultra-fast metabolizers (UM) phenotype showed a higher DDEM (123 ± 172 mg/day, p-value<0.001), and the poor phenotype (PM) was associated with a worse quality of life (32 ± 8 mm, p-value=0.040). Conclusions: The ITP maintains its effectiveness in the long-term in half of the cases with a lower opioid consumption, especially in women. Likewise, the OPRM1-AG genotype and the CYP2D6 phenotype influenced the safety profile and the total dose of opioids in patients with CNCP and IOD.
Palabras clave/Materias:
DCNO
opioides
dependencia
PTI
OPRM1
CYP2D6
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Biología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFM-M.U en Biotecnología y Bioingeniería



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.