Resumen :
El envejecimiento de la población mundial ha provocado el incremento de afecciones relacionadas con la pérdida de hueso. Debido a este incremento, resulta necesario mejorar los métodos actuales de regeneración ósea, avanzando hacia la creación de sustitutos sintéticos del hueso. En este sentido, la... Ver más
World population ageing has led to an increase in diseases related to bone loss. Because of this increase, it has been needed to create new synthetic bone substitutes, replacing actual bone regeneration methods. On this matter, tissue engineering research, focuses on the creation of highly porous 3D extracellular matrix or scaffold, that bonds to the bone, promoting bone regeneration.
Bioactive ceramics have shown as the main candidates for bone regeneration, due to their good bioactivity properties and their biocompatibility. However, as well as bioactivity, these bone substitutes need to have other properties, such as mechanical strengh, among others. Having a mechanical performance similar to the bone one is essential, but, generally, bioactivity is antagonistic to mechanical strengh.
In this project, it has been developed a new methodology, which allows the creation of highly porous scaffolds with high mechanical strengh. These scaffolds were created using sol-gel processing, by forming a wollastonite (CaSiO3) core, that was coated with a layer of CaO-P2O5 glass. Those scaffolds had an excess of glassy phase so, to control that excess, the high strengh scaffolds were coated with one of these phases: wollastonite or borate bioactive glass. Moreover, to improve their bioactivity, these scaffolds were coated with a layer of doped wollastonite, resulting in the final scaffolds. These final scaffolds were not bioactive, because of the excess of glassy phase, so, by soaking them in SBF for 3 days, that excees was removed, obtaining new bioactive scaffolds. The scaffolds obtained in this project have been studied using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope fitted with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Furthermore, the bioactivity of these scaffolds has been analyzed in vitro in simulated body fluid (SBF).
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