Abstract:
En las últimas décadas se han logrado nuevos avances en el descubrimiento de fármacos contra el cáncer utilizando compuestos naturales, entre los cuales los polifenoles han surgido como moléculas prometedoras. Pueden actuar sobre varios objetivos moleculares debido a su comportamiento promiscuo, pr... Ver más
In recent decades, new advances have been made in the discovery of anti-cancer drugs using natural compounds, and polyphenols have emerged as promising molecules. They can act on several molecular targets due to their promiscuous behavior, presenting several physiological effects, some of which confer antitumor activity.
The objective of this work has been to optimize the extraction conditions of an olive leaf extract that has shown antitumor capacity in breast cancer cell models and determine the antiproliferative capacity, as well as the mechanism of action of its main active compounds, diosmetin, apigenin and luteolin.
To study the mechanism of action by which these compounds inhibit cell proliferation, viability and cytotoxicity tests were carried out, as well as tests related to mitochondrial viability and oxidative stress. In addition, the intestinal permeability of the compounds has been analyzed using Caco-2 intestinal cell monolayers as a model of intestinal epithelium and based on these results, the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier has been estimated. Finally, synergistic interactions for the antiproliferative capacity between the three compounds in double and triple combinations were studied.
The results show that the combination of diosmetin, apigenin and luteolin exhibit antiproliferative effect in cellular models of the three molecular subtypes, luminal, HER2+ and triple negative (TNBC), as well as in a brain metastatic cell model. This was a selective effect on tumor cells since the combination showed a weaker effect on a non-cancer breast cell model.
The main death mechanism for luminal and TNBC cell lines was apoptosis with mitochondrial damage and increased production of reactive oxygen species, a cytostatic effect being observed secondarily. Nevertheless, for the cancer cell line HER2 + breast, the main effect was cytostatic and secondarily an apoptotic effect with a slight mitochondrial damage.
In addition, intestinal permeability, it was determined that the three compounds have a moderate permeability and that they are good candidates to cross the blood brain barrier.
Regarding the synergistic effects for the antiproliferative capacity, the compounds showed interactions depending on the ratio, that is, depending on the ratio, they can present synergy, additivity or antagonism.
The results obtained justify the use of the combination of diosmetin, apigenin and luteolin in new trials that deepen its mechanism of action, as well as in vivo studies that confirm its antitumor abilities in animal models breast cancer, in addition to its intestinal and blood-brain permeability.
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