Resumen :
Antecedentes
La traslocación bacteriana (TB) es un fenómeno frecuente en la cirrosis y es
considerada el mecanismo por el que se desarrollan complicaciones graves de la
enfermedad, tales como la peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (PBE). Los episodios de
TB provocan una estimulación mantenida del Sis... Ver más
Background
Bacterial translocation is a frequent event related to severe complications in cirrhosis.
Bacterial translocation episodes cause a continuous stimulation of the Immune
System, perpetuating both intestinal and systemic inflammation. Specific intestinal
microbiota intervention, using different bacterial strains, is considered to be a
potential supplementary strategy to ameliorate cirrhosis and its complications.
Objectives
The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium
pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 strain (CECT7765) on hepatic and intestinal tissues,
and its impact on bacterial translocation rate in an experimental model of cirrhosis.
Additionally, we aimed to delineate the interaction between CECT7765 and intestinal
lymphocytes in this model, as well as to study its effect on the function of human
macrophages in vitro. Methods
Two protocols of experimental liver damage were carried out by the intragastric
administration of CCl4 in mice during 12 weeks. In the first protocol, animals received
CECT7765 with a concentration of 109 CFU/day or placebo. In addition, all the
animals were given E.coli (107 CFU, in a single dose) intragastrically 24 hours before
laparotomy. In the second protocol, animals received increasing amounts of
CECT7765 (107, 109 or 1010 UFC/ day) or placebo intragastrically. In both cases, a
control group of animals didn’t receive any treatment. In a separate study, 10 patients
with cirrhosis and ascites were included together with 10 healthy controls. Peripheral
blood monocyte-derived and ascitic fluid macrophages were isolated and stimulated
with M-CSF (100 ug/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml) and/or CECT7765 (104 CFU) in vitro. Also,
Kupffer cells from rats treated with CCl4 and subjected to bile duct ligation were
evaluated. Results
Bacterial translocation rate and endotoxin levels were significantly reduced in animals
treated with CECT7765, while intestinal wall integrity markers and anti-inflammatory
mediators in intestinal wall samples were significantly increased compared with animals receiving only CCl4. Administration of CECT7765 significantly reduced the
expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine receptors in intestinal lymphocytes and
induced a repolarization towards an anti-inflammatory profile of these cells. TLR-2
was involved in this inflammatory modulation. The intestinal permeability reduction
observed was validated by a lower LPS-FITC recovery rate after CECT7765
administration. Inflammation and liver function were improved by the CECT7765
treatment, but only with high doses (1010 UFC).
CECT7765-treated macrophages showed significant morphological changes and an
increase in the expression of the M2-like macrophages surface markers CD206,
CD163 and CD16, which was not observed after treatment with LPS. CECT7765 was
also able to significantly change the cytokine secretion pattern of blood-derived and
ascitic fluid macrophages, as well as of Kupffer cells from BDL and CCl4 cirrhotic
rats, compared with that induced by LPS. Moreover, CECT7765 led to the expression
of anti-inflammatory genes in ascitic fluid macrophages even after LPS pretreatment.
CECT7765 didn’t reduce ascitic fluid macrophage capacity of bacterial killing.
Conclusions
CECT7765 administration is associated with the recovery of the intestinal wall
integrity and reduced bacterial translocation rate. Also, it improves intestinal
homeostasis reducing the pro-inflammatory activity of intestinal lymphocytes in an
experimental model of cirrhosis. CECT7765 induces a morphological, phenotypic and
functional transition of peripheral blood monocyte-derived and ascitic fluid
macrophages of patients with cirrhosis towards an anti-inflammatory profile.
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