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Modelos matemáticos para estudiar el procesamiento de la información en la retina


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Título :
Modelos matemáticos para estudiar el procesamiento de la información en la retina
Autor :
Bolea Oliván, José Ángel
Tutor:
Fernández Jover, Eduardo
Fecha de publicación:
2017-06-28
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/5151
Resumen :
La aplicación de métodos y herramientas matemáticas ha contribuido con éxito a los avances en neurociencia desde mediados del siglo XX. En los últimos años diversos progresos tecnológicos han permitido una mayor exploración del sistema nervioso, lo que ha provocado un llamativo aumento en el empleo...  Ver más
The application of mathematical methods and tools has successfully contributed to advances in neuroscience since the last mid century. In recent years, a diversity of technological developments has allowed a greater exploration of the nervous system, causing a striking increase in the use of mathematics to investigate the large number of data now available to neuroscientists. In the present doctoral thesis our objective is to determine how visual information is processed in the retina and how this is coded and transmitted to the brain. This has been achieved using several mathematical methods to study and analyze neuronal images as well as physiological signals. Initially, we addressed the study of several morphological aspects of retinal cells to better understand certain particularities of the retinal circuits. In this sense we have studied the possible characterization of neurons as multifractals (Fernández et al., 1999) and have developed a new method - the V-proportion, based on the Voronoi diagram, this permits to study the spatial relationships between neural mosaics of the retina (Ahnelt et al., 2000; Martínez et al., 2010). Furthermore, we have analyzed simultaneous responses of populations of retinal ganglion cells, which are responsible for encoding the visual information and sending it to the brain. Using Artificial Neural Networks (Ferrández et al., 1999) and Information Theory (Ferrández et al., 2002) we found that the most relevant parameters in the coding process are the number of action potentials and the exact time in which the first of them occurs after the stimulus. This information is transmitted using a redundant population code. In order to reduce population data without losing relevant information, we have developed a method to detect groups of neurons with similar responses (Bonomini et al., 2005a). We then incorporated this into an open source free program that facilitates the analysis of data recorded with multielectrodes (Bonomini et al., 2005b). Finally, we have designed a process to decode the visual information from the retina by quantitatively evaluating the stimulus reconstruction achieved (Díaz-Tahoces et al., 2015).
Palabras clave/Materias:
Matemáticas
Geometría
Neurociencias
Teoria de la información
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias puras y naturales: Matemáticas
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Ingeniería. Tecnología
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
Tesis doctorales - Ciencias e Ingenierías



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