Abstract:
En las últimas décadas, el material particulado ha sido y sigue siendo, objeto de
estudio y control por tratarse de uno de los contaminantes que causa daños, tanto a
la salud, como a los ecosistemas, el mantenimiento de las construcciones, etc.
La materia particulada es nociva, tanto por su tamaño,... Ver más
In the last decades, the particulate material has been, and still is, an object of study
and control because it causes damages to the health, to the ecosystems, to
maintenance of the constructions, etc.
Particulate matter is harmful, both because of its size and because its composition,
depending on these characteristics of several factors, such as emission sources or
meteorology. The studies carried out are focused on the composition of the PM in
soluble inorganic ions and hydrocarbons (n-alkanes and PAH) in the city of Elche, a
Mediterranean urban location, but with the peculiarity of presenting the highest
concentration of palm trees in Europe. The study period had an atypical meteorology,
with high precipitation rates and a reduced number of days under the influence of
atmospheric stability. For the first time in the city, information about submicron fraction (PM1) has been
obtained. This particles turns out to be potentially more harmful to the health because
are able to penetrate deep into the human respiratory system, and this has caused the
interest of many researches in the last years. The results obtained in the study of
soluble inorganic ions in water were compared with previous known data from the
same area. A decrease in the concentration of most of these ions, as well as in the
hydrocarbons, has been observed, due to the meteorological conditions during the
study period, to the decrease of gaseous precursors and to a fall in the construction
activities. PCA analyses were employed to distinguish the origin of the inorganic
compounds associated with the PM1 fraction, and three main sources have been
identified: secondary (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3, local traffic, and soil dust.
This work also tries to extend the knowledge on PAH levels and to register information
on n-alkanes, for the first time in the city of Elche. Cmax, CPI and %WNA results
revealed that, although there were a predominant contributions of anthropogenic
sources to n-alkanes levels, in the city of Elche there was a major influence of biogenic
hydrocarbons emissions, compared to other urban areas, especially in summer, due
to the emission of the numerous palm tree groves distributed spread over the city.
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