Optimizing the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with pomegranate extract for antibacterial purposes: an innovative approach

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable antimicrobial and biocidal properties. Green synthesis, which utilizes plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents, offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods, reducing toxicity and enhancing biocompatibility. Among natural sources, pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract (PGE) is particularly rich in antioxidant compounds such as ellagitannins and polyphenols, which not only facilitate nanoparticle synthesis but also enhance their biological activity.

This study focuses on optimizing the green synthesis of AgNPs using PGE through a Box–Behnken response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) to refine key parameters for enhanced reproducibility and efficiency. The synthesized AgNPs were fully characterized, and their antimicrobial properties were evaluated.