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Multiparasitismo heteroespecífico de Aphytis melinus DeBach y Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) sobre su hospedador Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)


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Título :
Multiparasitismo heteroespecífico de Aphytis melinus DeBach y Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) sobre su hospedador Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Autor :
Bru Martínez, Pablo Felipe
Tutor:
Guirao Moya, Pedro  
Tena Barreda, Alejandro
Cebolla Sos, Ruth
Fecha de publicación:
2014-09
URI :
http://hdl.handle.net/11000/3694
Resumen :
Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) es una de las plagas más importante de los cítricos de la cuenca Mediterránea donde afecta a todas las variedades cultivadas. Actualmente su gestión está basada en el control químico aunque existen varios métodos alternativos. En muchas regione...  Ver más
Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is one of the most important and widespread citrus pests in the Mediterranean basin, where affects all cultivated citrus plants. Nowadays, the management of this citrus key pest is chemically based despite there are other available techniques. In many citrus regions around the world, the populations of A. aurantii are under biological control because of the effectiveness of the parasitoid Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). In Spain, however, A. aurantii has not been successfully controlled by Aphytis species yet. In Spanish citrus groves, the native parasitoid Aphytis chrysomphali Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) seem to coexist with A. melinus which was introduced early in the 80’s. Since then, A. melinus has displaced A. chrysomphali from some areas whereas they may coexist in others. Both coexistence and sharing same host resources could easily lead to the appearance of heterospecific competition, especially in autumn when the scale populations are scarce but those of parasitoids high. In this work, intrinsic competition between A. melinus and A. chrysomphali immature stages has been studied in order to determine which are the biological issues involved in the coexistence or displacement of one of them. First of all, we described and compared the female behaviour of both species when they found parasitized and non parasitized scales. Our results showed that both parasitoids were able to discriminate between healthy and parasitized hosts. Nonetheless, both species behaved differently when they found scales parasitized by the competitor species. Whereas A. chrysomphali reduced host acceptance and clutch size (compared with healthy hosts), A. melinus did not alter any of its behaviours but the female committed heterospecific ovicide instead. A. melinus foraged, found and probed the eggs laid by A. chrysomphali and replaced them with some of her own. As a consequence of that, A. melinus has been considered the superior competitor because it was found more frequently in multiparasitized hosts than A. chrysomphali in all cases. These results may possibly explain some of the biological reasons for A. chrysomphali displacement in our citrus crops. Finally, some of the implications of our results regarding to A. aurantii biological control and integrated pest management are also briefly exposed
Palabras clave/Materias:
Plagas agrícolas
Control químico
Control biológico
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca: Enfermedades y protección de las plantas
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFM - M.U en Técnicas Avanzadas para la Investigación y Producción en Fruticultura



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