Abstract:
Este trabajo de fin de grado (TFG) aborda el diseño, validación y mejora de un sistema económico para la medida de la permitividad compleja de diferentes materiales. Este sistema utiliza una sonda coaxial con conector SMA, de bajo coste, y un analizador de redes vectorial (VNA) controlado por una a... Ver más
This final degree project addresses the design, validation, and improvement of a cost-effective system for measuring the complex permittivity of various materials. The system employs a low-cost coaxial probe with an SMA connector and a vector network analyzer (VNA) controlled by a Python-based application.
The work focuses on characterizing reference polar liquids, saline solutions, and biological tissues, selected for their relevance in biomedical, industrial, and telecommunications applications, where the measurement of complex permittivity has practical significance. This property describes the interaction of materials with electric fields at different frequencies, considering their energy storage capacity (real part) and energy dissipated as heat (imaginary part).
The system was validated by comparing experimental measurements with theoretical values and results obtained using a commercial Keysight probe, recognized as a standard in scientific and industrial fields.
The SMA probe was calibrated and tested with various theoretical models (such as the capacitive, radiation, and virtual line models) to interpret data and improve measurement accuracy.
Results demonstrated that the SMA probe, despite being a low-cost solution, achieves acceptable accuracy for the analyzed materials in the range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz. This provides an accessible alternative to expensive commercial equipment for preliminary applications, opening new possibilities for laboratories with limited resources.
Key contributions of the project include upgrading the software to a more advanced Python version, enabling the implementation of a more intuitive graphical interface that automates VNA control and data processing.
Finally, the work concludes with proposals to enhance the system, such as designing probes with higher frequency performance and considering other data processing models.
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