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Análisis de la utilización de inmunoterapia y quimioterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón en sus variedades histológicas: una revisión bibliográfica


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Título :
Análisis de la utilización de inmunoterapia y quimioterapia en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón en sus variedades histológicas: una revisión bibliográfica
Autor :
Verdú Pérez, Adrián
Tutor:
Juárez Marroquí, Asunción
Editor :
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Departamento:
Departamentos de la UMH::Medicina Clínica
Fecha de publicación:
2024-06-11
URI :
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35808
Resumen :
Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón es una enfermedad grave y frecuente, con el tabaquismo como principal causa. Otros factores de riesgo incluyen la exposición al radón y enfermedades respiratorias. Se clasifica en varios subtipos según su histología. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante pruebas de im...  Ver más
Introduction: Lung cancer is a serious and common disease, with smoking being the main cause. Other risk factors include exposure to radon and respiratory diseases. It is classified into several subtypes according to its histology. Diagnosis is made through imaging tests and biopsies. Treatment varies according to the stage and includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The latter, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, shows promising results in advanced cases. Prognosis depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and the overall health of the patient. Prevention, such as avoiding tobacco, and early detection are essential for improving the outlook for lung cancer patients. Justification: Non-small cell lung cancer is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Chemotherapy was the main treatment until 2016, with a median survival of 7.9 months. However, since 2013, immunotherapy with PD1/PDL1 monoclonal antibodies has shown significant improvement in survival and lower toxicity. This study reviews the comparative efficacy between immunotherapy and chemotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Objectives: This work aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer, including analysis of clinical outcomes, toxicity profiles, and predictive biomarkers. Methodology: Exhaustive and systematic searches were conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: In an analysis of five phase III clinical trials on treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer, the efficacy and safety of various immunotherapeutic drugs were compared with chemotherapy. The studies demonstrated that nivolumab, atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, and durvalumab significantly improved overall survival and progression-free survival compared to standard treatments. Additionally, these treatments presented favorable safety profiles, with lower rates of serious adverse events. These findings support the consideration of immunotherapy as a first-line therapeutic option for patients with advanced lung cancer. Discussion: Immunotherapy emerges as an effective alternative or companion to chemotherapy in metastatic and locally advanced lung cancer. Recent studies reveal its superiority in survival and objective response compared to standard chemotherapy, with lower toxicity. Biomarkers such as PD-L1 identify optimal patients for this therapy, expanding its use as a first-line treatment. Combination with chemotherapy further enhances its efficacy, even without expression of this biomarker. Although promising, limitations such as late diagnosis and immune-mediated toxicities limit its benefit. This analysis underscores the importance of ongoing evaluation to optimize immunotherapy in lung cancer. Conclusion: The analysis highlights the significant progress of immunotherapy compared to conventional chemotherapy in lung cancer, improving survival and reducing side effects. The relevance of tailored medical care and the continued exploration of innovative therapies are emphasized.
Palabras clave/Materias:
Inmunoterapia
Cáncer de pulmón no microcítico
revisión bibliográfica
PDL1
Área de conocimiento :
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Tipo de documento :
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Derechos de acceso:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Aparece en las colecciones:
TFG- Medicina



Creative Commons La licencia se describe como: Atribución-NonComercial-NoDerivada 4.0 Internacional.