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Análisis de la introducción del exoma en la guía de asistencia al embarazo en casos con diagnóstico de anomalías morfológicas fetales


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Title:
Análisis de la introducción del exoma en la guía de asistencia al embarazo en casos con diagnóstico de anomalías morfológicas fetales
Authors:
Molina Sáez, Ainhoa
Tutor:
Bermejo de las Heras, Rosa María
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología
Issue Date:
2024-05-01
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/35558
Abstract:
INTRODUCCIÓN: El diagnóstico prenatal tiene como objetivo la detección "in útero" de los defectos congénitos, estimando el riesgo de cromosomopatías y permitiendo así que la familia decida si continuar o no con la gestación. Existen varios métodos de screening de aneuploidías: la translucencia nuca...  Ver más
INTRODUCTION: Prenatal diagnosis aims at detecting congenital defects “in utero”, estimating the risk of prenatal chromosomopathy and thus allowing the family to decide whether or not to continue with the pregnancy. There are several methods of screening for aneuploidy: nuchal translucency (NT), combined screening or CCPT and determination of prenatal cell-free DNA or non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT). When the results indicate a high risk of chromosomal abnormalities, invasive tests are used for definitive diagnosis, including amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling or cordocentesis. On fetal samples obtained by these procedures, various genetic studies can be performed with different techniques: QF-PCR, karyotyping by short culture or semi-direct method in chorionic villi, karyotyping by long culture, microarray, specific molecular studies and/or DNA reserve studies such as the NGS (next generation sequencing) gene panel or the whole exome. These DNA reserve studies correspond to advanced sequencing techniques that are increasingly being incorporated in medical care and, in particular, in the diagnosis of fetal pathology. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the introduction of targeted panels and the whole exome in the protocol for the study of fetal ultrasound anomalies. METHODS: The analysis of 20 cases of exoma performed at the Hospital Universitario de San Juan de Alicante was carried out, obtaining information through a bibliographic search in different databases such as PubMed, Scielo, UptoDate, Elsevier and GapSEGO Clinical Guides. RESULTS: Twenty cases of exome were studied, of which five were pathological and were not identified as abnormal by the usual techniques, i.e., thanks to the exome, genetic alterations were found in 25% of the cases, leading to the interruption of 20% of the pregnancies due to poor fetal prognosis. DISCUSION: In most cases, interpretation of exome sequencing data requires comparison of identified genetic variants with phenotypic findings. According to the data from our study, molecular tests were diagnostic in 25% of the cases, taking into account that even by combining various techniques, the identification of a causal genetic variant cannot be guaranteed in all cases and that advanced genetic sequencing tests do not have the capacity to detect certain anomalies at the cardiac level. On the other hand, it is evident that there is a growing interest in the introduction of such sequencing strategies in the clinical practice of prenatal medicine due to the increased diagnostic yield in the finding of congenital anomalies, thus improving the fetal prognostic information that could be offered for present and future pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: It is confirmed the great importance of the application of exome sequencing as a strategy to increase prenatal diagnosis of genetic anomalies, offering the possibility of legal termination of pregnancy in case of poor fetal prognosis.
Keywords/Subjects:
Diagnóstico Prenatal
Secuenciación Completa del Exoma
Técnicas Genéticas
Exoma
Anomalías Fetales
Malformaciones Congénitas
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Appears in Collections:
TFG- Medicina



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