Resumen :
Introducción. La miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) primaria es la enfermedad cardíaca de origen genético más frecuente (1/500) y su diagnóstico se establece por exclusión de causas secundarias de hipertrofia ventricular. Se caracteriza por una penetrancia incompleta y una expresividad heterogénea. ... Ver más
Background. Primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease (1/500), and its diagnosis is established by exclusion of secondary causes of ventricular hypertrophy. It is characterized by incomplete penetrance and heterogeneous expressivity. In up to 60% of cases, mutations affect genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, with MYBPC3 and MYH7 being the most frequently detected. The genotype suggests to have implications in the phenotypic expression and in prognosis, in relation to the stratification of the risk of morbidity and mortality, a hypothesis on which this work is based.
Objective. The goal of this study was to assess the prognostic capacity of genetic study in the clinical management of HCM in adults.
Methods. A literature review of the current evidence on genotype-phenotype relationship in HCM, as well as the associated prognostic stratification, was carried out with results mainly selected from the MEDLINE database, through the PubMed searcher and using the following MeSH terms: “hypertrophic cardiomyopathy”, “genetics”, “genotype” and “prognosis”. After applying filters and reading titles and abstracts, a total of 16 publications were collected. As complementary literature, we used the platform UpToDate, clinical guidelines of the European (ESC 2020) and American (AHA/ACC 2020) scientific societies, as well as textbooks.
Results. A total of 8 analytical and observational cohort studies were selected. In most cases, positive results were obtained for the existence of a characteristic genotype-phenotype correlation, as well as a statistically significant increased risk of global and specific morbidity and mortality in the cohorts of patients with pathogenic or probably pathogenic sarcomeric variants (P/LP).
Discussion. Comparing our results with those of 4 recently published meta-analyses, it was observed that dissonance exists when evaluating the role of sarcomeric mutations as a predictor of mortality. In fact, the meta-analyses by Christian et al.17, did not show statistically significant results in terms of increased risk of all-cause mortality, sudden cardiac death (SCD) or heart failure (HF). Conclusions. With the reviewed literature, we can conclude that, despite discordant findings in relation to the main objective, most of the results support the increase in overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in HCM patients with sarcomeric mutations, along with other non-genetic prognostic variables to be considered when stratifying the risk of the disease. However, randomized studies and long-term follow-up are needed to improve the current level of scientific evidence in this field.
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