Resumen :
Introducción: La rotura de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal presenta una mortalidad enormemente relevante de hasta un 90%, y supone una emergencia quirúrgica que requiere reparación inmediata, pudiendo ser por medio de cirugía abierta o por un abordaje endovascular. Este último ha presentado un crec... Ver más
Introduction: The rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm presents an extremely relevant mortality, up to 90%, and represents a surgical emergency which requires immediate repair, which can be performed through open surgery or an endovascular approach. The latter has shown an exponential growth in comparison to open surgery, since it has demonstrated numerous advantages in terms of mortality and morbidity, complications and hospital stay time.
Purpose: To compare the difference between clinical results regarding mortality, circumstances at discharge, hospital stay time and complications regarding the surgical technique used to repair the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Methodology: An observational case series study is carried out through the retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients who underwent surgery to repair a ruptured or symptomatic AAA at the Hospital General Universitario de Elche over a period of four years.
Results: A total of 15 patients are included, all being men and with a mean age of 77 years, with 100% of them having active smoking habit (66’7%) or personal history of smoking (33’3%), as well as other comorbidities associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (73’3%), diabetes (26’7%) and dyslipidaemia (53’3%). Regarding the mortality variable, a significant p-value of 0’041 is obtained, showing that 85’7% of patients died after being treated by open surgery compared to 14’3% treated by an endovascular approach. In addition, we also found a statistically significant p-value of 0’077 in related to the appearance of complications.
With regard to the appearance of renal and respiratory complications and the time of hospital stay, these were greater in those patients treated with EVAR than those operated on through open surgery, give that 75% of patients treated with OSR died during or right after the procedure due to complications, more specifically cardiorespiratory arrest and hypovolemic shock, reflecting a shorter hospital stay, which translates to the impossibility, time-wise, for the development of other complications.
Conclusion: The results regarding mortality show that it is higher in patients who underwent open surgery than in endovascular procedures, obtaining similar results regarding the appearance of complications. However, not all patients are suitable for endovascular repair, so, despite having shown better results overall, this is not an option that can be generalized to the entire population.
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