Construcción de la escala de daño familiar por uso de sustancias (EDFUS)

Abstract

Se ha observado un impacto negativo en familiares de personas que consumen sustancias. Sin embargo, hay pocas escalas para evaluar las consecuencias adversas en ellos. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala para medir el daño de los familiares debido al uso de sustancias (EDFUS). Se utilizó un estudio psicométrico con 450 participantes. Se realizó en dos etapas de muestreo: en la primera, se exploró la estructura interna con el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), en la segunda, se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). Además, se evaluó la consistencia interna, la validez convergente y divergente. Los resultados revelaron una escala de 28 ítems con cuatro factores en el AFE: Disfunción familiar(α=0.876;Ω=0.879), Síntomas ansioso-depresivos(α=0.891;Ω=0.889), Disfunción conductual (α=0.759; Ω=0.757) y Problemas económicos (α=0.850; Ω=0.852). Estos fueron confirmados durante el AFC (χ2/gl= 2.97; NFI =.974; TLI=.982; CFI=.983; RMSEA=.078). Finalmente, los análisis de validez convergente y divergente arrojaron diferencias significativas, resultando que a mayor riesgo por consumo mayor daño familiar y a mayor funcionamiento familiar, menor daño familiar. En conclusión, la EDFUS se presenta como herramienta útil y relevante, con propiedades psicométricas sólidas y adecuadas para la población mexicana.AbstractA negative impact has been observed on family members who consume substances. However, there are few scales to assess the negative consequences suffered by such family members.Therefore, this investigation aimed to construct and study the psychometric properties of a Family Harm Scale due to Substance Use (EDFUS). The design was a psychometric study with 450 participants. Two samples were used: the internal structure was studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in the first sample, and through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second sample. Additionally, internal consistency, as well as convergent and divergent validity, were assessed.The results showed a scale of 28 items with four factors that emerged in the EFA: Behavioral Dysfunction (α=0.759;Ω=0.757), Family Dysfunction (α=0.876;Ω=0.879), Anxious-Depressive Symptoms(α=0.891;Ω=0.889), and Economic Problems (α=0.850; Ω=0.852). These factors were confirmed in the CFA (χ²/df=2.97; NFI=0.974; TLI=0.982; CFI=0.983; RMSEA=0.078). Finally, the convergent and divergent validity analyses were adequate, showing significant differences.The results indicated that the higher the consumptionrisk, the greater thefamily harm, and conversely, the higher the family functioning, the less the family harm. In conclusion, the EDFUS is useful and relevant, demonstrating very acceptable psychometric properties for the Mexican population.Palabras claveDaño Familiar, Uso De Sustancias, EscalaPsicométrica. KeywordsFamily Harm, Substance Use,PsychometricScale.

A negative impact has been observed on family members who consume substances. However, there are few scales to assess the negative consequences suffered by such family members.Therefore, this investigation aimed to construct and study the psychometric properties of a Family Harm Scale due to Substance Use (EDFUS). The design was a psychometric study with 450 participants. Two samples were used: the internal structure was studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in the first sample, and through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second sample. Additionally, internal consistency, as well as convergent and divergent validity, were assessed.The results showed a scale of 28 items with four factors that emerged in the EFA: Behavioral Dysfunction (α=0.759;Ω=0.757), Family Dysfunction (α=0.876;Ω=0.879), Anxious-Depressive Symptoms(α=0.891;Ω=0.889), and Economic Problems (α=0.850; Ω=0.852). These factors were confirmed in the CFA (χ²/df=2.97; NFI=0.974; TLI=0.982; CFI=0.983; RMSEA=0.078). Finally, the convergent and divergent validity analyses were adequate, showing significant differences.The results indicated that the higher the consumptionrisk, the greater thefamily harm, and conversely, the higher the family functioning, the less the family harm. In conclusion, the EDFUS is useful and relevant, demonstrating very acceptable psychometric properties for the Mexican population.