Abstract:
Introducción:
El síndrome anVfosfolípido (SAF) es una patología autoinmune que provoca un síndrome
de hipercoagulabilidad. Se puede presentar de forma aislada o asociado a otras
enfermedades autoinmunes, sobre todo lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). La clínica
puede ser trombóVca y/o obstétrica. La... Ver más
IntroducEon:
AnVphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder that induces a
hypercoagulable state. It can manifest independently or in associaVon with other
autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical
manifestaVons can be thromboVc and/or obstetric. ThromboVc symptoms vary widely, presenVng as venous and/or arterial thrombosis at various locaVons. PaVents exhibit
posiVve anVphospholipid anVbodies, which along with clinical symptoms serve as
diagnosVc criteria.
Hypothesis:
PaVents with a high-risk profile of anVphospholipid anVbodies are more likely to
experience thrombosis and recurrences. Vitamin K antagonists have demonstrated the
greatest efficacy in secondary prophylaxis in paVents with anVphospholipid syndrome.
The quality of anVcoagulaVon could be a protecVve factor against thromboVc
recurrences and associated complicaVons.
ObjecVves: To analyze the thromboVc clinical presentaVon of paVents with
anVphospholipid syndrome (APS) at diagnosis, laboratory characterisVcs of
AnVphospholipid AnVbodies (aPL), as well as anVthromboVc therapy and recurrences in
thromboVc APS paVents.
Methods:
Design: DescripVve, retrospecVve, single-center observaVonal study. PaVents with
thromboVc anVphospholipid syndrome under current treatment and follow-up at HGU
Dr. Balmis were analyzed. Data were extracted from an anonymized database, including
sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables. Variables were collected from the
database, and means, medians, and correlaVons between parameters were analyzed
using the SPSS staVsVcal analysis program. Results:
Seventy-two paVents with thromboVc APS were included (59.7% female). The mean age
was 60.5±14.7 years. A significant group of paVents had cardiovascular risk factors.
ThromboVc localizaVon predominantly occurred in the venous territory (65.28%), with
44.7% as deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs and 34.72% in arterial locaVons, 20.83%
resulVng in stroke. Forty-five percent had only one posiVve anVbody. Sixty-eight percent
tested posiVve for lupus anVcoagulant. Median levels for ACL IgG, ACL IgM, aβ2GPI IgG,
and aβ2GPI IgM were 55.7 [40.7-123.0], 43.9 [28.7-68.6], 127.0 [39.8-265.0], 70.7 [40.2-
100.9], respecVvely. No significant results were found between the type of posiVve
anVphospholipid anVbody and thrombosis localizaVon. Seventy-five percent of paVents
were on vitamin K antagonist drugs. The total percentage of paVents within therapeuVc
range for INR (TTR) was 55.56%. Thirty percent of paVents experienced thromboVc
recurrences. Eighty-two percent of them were posiVve for lupus anVcoagulant and 50%
had two or more anVbodies. Ten (33,33%) paVents with TTR > 60% experienced
recurrences compared to 4 (16.66%) with TTR < 60%. Seventy-seven percent of paVents
under DOAC treatment experienced recurrences compared to 25.93% with vitamin K
antagonist.
Conclusions:
The most common clinical form is deep venous thrombosis in lower limbs. Lupus
anVcoagulant is posiVve in a significant porVon of paVents, posing a higher risk of
thrombosis and recurrences. Vitamin K antagonist drugs provide greater security against
new thromboVc episodes in thromboVc APS paVents. The heterogeneous clinical and biological characterisVcs of paVents complicate their clinical course. There are more
types of anVphospholipid anVbodies that will become part of the laboratory diagnosVc
process.
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