Resumen :
Las biocostras son comunidades de organismos como cianobacterias, algas y líquenes
que habitan en el primer centímetro de suelo superficial. En la actualidad, las biocostras
ocupan un 12% del suelo a nivel mundial, apareciendo principalmente en zonas áridas y
semiáridas. Han surgido controversias e... Ver más
Biocrusts are communities of organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae and lichens that
live in the first centimeter of surface soil. Currently, biocrusts occupy 12% of the soil
worldwide, appearing mainly in arid and semi-arid areas. Controversies have arisen between
different authors about seed germination in biocrusts, because these organisms and their
effects have not been studied so exhaustively. In this context, the objective of this work is
to identify the composition of the biocrust in saline environments of the semiarid
Mediterranean and to evaluate its effect on the germination of halophytes. To do this, seeds
of four halophilic species were collected, as well as samples of biocrust present in each of
the areas along the salinity gradient of the Agua Amarga salt flat (Alicante). Next, the soil
of the study area was characterized and the genera of cyanobacteria present in the biocrust
were identified. In addition, a germination experiment was carried out considering the four
species in treatments with and without biocrust under controlled conditions for 30 days.
After the germination experiment, the final percentage of germination and the average
germination time were calculated. The cyanobacteria genera identified in the study area
were: Anabaena sp., Aphanocapsa sp., Calothrix sp., Lyngbya sp., Gloeocapsa sp.,
Microcoleus sp., Oscillatoria sp., Phormidium sp. and Pseudanabaena sp. Finally, the results
of the experiment generally showed how the biocrust did not positively affect the
germination of the halophytes studied. However, significant differences were observed
between the interaction of soil type and type of plant species, with germination in saline
environments depending more on these factors than on the presence/absence of biocrust.
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