Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31753

Factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad en pacientes críticos con COVID-19 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de tercer nivel: un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo


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Title:
Factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad en pacientes críticos con COVID-19 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de tercer nivel: un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo
Authors:
Sala Grigioni, Sofía
Tutor:
Arriero Marín, Juan Manuel
Garrido Peñalver, José Francisco
Editor:
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Department:
Departamentos de la UMH::Medicina Clínica
Issue Date:
2024-01-28
URI:
https://hdl.handle.net/11000/31753
Abstract:
Introducción: La pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV2 que llegó a España en marzo de 2020 provocó un ingreso masivo de pacientes por patología respiratoria en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en varios períodos, lo que obligó a un sobreesfuerzo en cuanto a asistencia, coordinación y aumento d...  Ver más
Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus that reached Spain in March 2020, caused a massive admission of patients with respiratory pathology in Intensive Care Units in several periods, which forced an overexertion in terms of assistance, coordination and increase of material resources to provide adequate support to patients. This study investigates the mortality associated with COVID-19 pneumonia and the risk factors that influence the severity of the disease. Identifying and understanding these factors is essential to develop future prevention strategies and effective treatments. Objectives: The primary aim is to analyze the mortality rate in the ICU of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and compare it with other ICUs in Spain. The secondary aims are based on defining the risk factors associated with mortality and evaluating the difference between mortality rates considering the application of various therapeutic measures. Material and methods: This is a retrospective observational descriptive study that included 403 critical patients admitted consecutively to the ICU who met the following criteria: patients over 18 years old, admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, who required respiratory support during admission, in a period between March 15, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Results: A total of 403 patients were included. Overall mortality in the ICU was 21.4% (86 patients). Age was observed to increase mortality (p < 0.001), especially in patients older than 70 years (p < 0.000). Comorbidities such as high blood pressure (OR: 2.14 [1.20-3.82]; p <0.001), DM (OR: 2.12 [1.16-3.86]; p <0.001) and immunosuppression (OR: 1.64 [0.61-4.47]; p = 0.015) had an increased mortality rate. Lactate levels were higher among non-survivors (1.56 ± 1.34 vs. 1.16 ± 0.5; p = 0.008), as were SOFA (4.34 ± 1.86 vs. 3.35 ± 1.32; p <0.001) and APACHE II (17.8± 6.16 vs. 12.3 ± 5.09; p <0.001) prognostic scales which, as their score increases, the rate of death increases. PaO2/FiO2 measured on admission showed that the lower value, the higher death rate (136 ± 69.67 vs. 156 ± 69.2; p=0.015). In addition, significant differences were observed between survivors and deaths as one progressed to more invasive initial respiratory support (p < 0.000). Patients requiring invasive ventilation (OR: 36.01 [12.86-100.8]; p<0.001), prone position (OR: 22.14 [10.93-44.85]; p<0.001) and ECMO (OR: 4.54 [1.59-12.91]; p=0.006), had a high percentage of deaths. Conclusion: The ICU mortality rate was 21.4%. Factors such as age, hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppression, and high SOFA and APACHE II scores were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Patients with PaO2/FiO2 levels < 100 mmHg and those who were intubated on admission had a poorer prognosis. Those who received invasive mechanical ventilation, prone position and ECMO during their ICU stay had a high mortality rate
Keywords/Subjects:
tasa de mortalidad
factores de riesgo
neumonía por COVID-19
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI)
Knowledge area:
CDU: Ciencias aplicadas: Medicina
Type of document:
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
Access rights:
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Appears in Collections:
TFG- Medicina



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