Abstract:
Introducción: La pandemia causada por el virus SARS-CoV2 que llegó a España en marzo
de 2020 provocó un ingreso masivo de pacientes por patología respiratoria en las
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en varios períodos, lo que obligó a un sobreesfuerzo
en cuanto a asistencia, coordinación y aumento d... Ver más
Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus that reached Spain in March
2020, caused a massive admission of patients with respiratory pathology in Intensive
Care Units in several periods, which forced an overexertion in terms of assistance,
coordination and increase of material resources to provide adequate support to
patients. This study investigates the mortality associated with COVID-19 pneumonia
and the risk factors that influence the severity of the disease. Identifying and
understanding these factors is essential to develop future prevention strategies and
effective treatments.
Objectives: The primary aim is to analyze the mortality rate in the ICU of patients
admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and compare it with other ICUs in Spain. The
secondary aims are based on defining the risk factors associated with mortality and
evaluating the difference between mortality rates considering the application of various
therapeutic measures.
Material and methods: This is a retrospective observational descriptive study that
included 403 critical patients admitted consecutively to the ICU who met the following
criteria: patients over 18 years old, admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2
pneumonia, who required respiratory support during admission, in a period between
March 15, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Results: A total of 403 patients were included. Overall mortality in the ICU was 21.4%
(86 patients). Age was observed to increase mortality (p < 0.001), especially in patients
older than 70 years (p < 0.000). Comorbidities such as high blood pressure (OR: 2.14
[1.20-3.82]; p <0.001), DM (OR: 2.12 [1.16-3.86]; p <0.001) and immunosuppression (OR:
1.64 [0.61-4.47]; p = 0.015) had an increased mortality rate. Lactate levels were higher
among non-survivors (1.56 ± 1.34 vs. 1.16 ± 0.5; p = 0.008), as were SOFA (4.34 ± 1.86
vs. 3.35 ± 1.32; p <0.001) and APACHE II (17.8± 6.16 vs. 12.3 ± 5.09; p <0.001) prognostic
scales which, as their score increases, the rate of death increases. PaO2/FiO2 measured
on admission showed that the lower value, the higher death rate (136 ± 69.67 vs. 156 ±
69.2; p=0.015). In addition, significant differences were observed between survivors and
deaths as one progressed to more invasive initial respiratory support (p < 0.000).
Patients requiring invasive ventilation (OR: 36.01 [12.86-100.8]; p<0.001), prone
position (OR: 22.14 [10.93-44.85]; p<0.001) and ECMO (OR: 4.54 [1.59-12.91]; p=0.006),
had a high percentage of deaths.
Conclusion: The ICU mortality rate was 21.4%. Factors such as age, hypertension,
diabetes, immunosuppression, and high SOFA and APACHE II scores were associated
with an increased risk of mortality. Patients with PaO2/FiO2 levels < 100 mmHg and those
who were intubated on admission had a poorer prognosis. Those who received invasive
mechanical ventilation, prone position and ECMO during their ICU stay had a high
mortality rate
|